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Object-oriented Scientific Computing Library: Version 0.910
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00001 /* 00002 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 00003 00004 Copyright (C) 2006-2012, Andrew W. Steiner 00005 00006 This file is part of O2scl. 00007 00008 O2scl is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify 00009 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 00010 the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or 00011 (at your option) any later version. 00012 00013 O2scl is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 00014 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 00015 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 00016 GNU General Public License for more details. 00017 00018 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 00019 along with O2scl. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. 00020 00021 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 00022 */ 00023 #ifndef O2SCL_CONSTANTS_H 00024 #define O2SCL_CONSTANTS_H 00025 00026 #include <cmath> 00027 #include <gsl/gsl_nan.h> 00028 00029 /** \brief GSL constants in CGS units 00030 00031 \note electron, neutron, proton, and atomic mass have been updated 00032 with CODATA 2010 values. Also electron charge, gravitational constant, 00033 plancks_constant_hbar, are updated. 00034 */ 00035 namespace gsl_cgs { 00036 /// cm 00037 const double schwarzchild_radius=2.95325008e5; 00038 /// cm / s 00039 const double speed_of_light=2.99792458e10; 00040 /// cm^3 / g s^2 00041 const double gravitational_constant=6.67384e-8; 00042 /// g cm^2 / s 00043 const double plancks_constant_h=6.62606876e-27; 00044 /// g cm^2 / s 00045 const double plancks_constant_hbar=1.054571726e-27; 00046 /// cm 00047 const double astronomical_unit=1.49597870691e13; 00048 /// cm 00049 const double light_year=9.46053620707e17; 00050 /// cm 00051 const double parsec=3.08567758135e18; 00052 /// cm / s^2 00053 const double grav_accel=9.80665e2; 00054 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00055 const double electron_volt=1.602176487e-12; 00056 /// g 00057 const double mass_electron=9.10938291e-28; 00058 /// g 00059 const double mass_muon=1.88353109e-25; 00060 /// g 00061 const double mass_proton=1.672621777e-24; 00062 /// g 00063 const double mass_neutron=1.674927351e-24; 00064 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00065 const double rydberg=2.17987190389e-11; 00066 /// g cm^2 / K s^2 00067 const double boltzmann=1.3806503e-16; 00068 /// g cm^2 / K mol s^2 00069 const double molar_gas=8.314472e7; 00070 /// cm^3 / mol 00071 const double standard_gas_volume=2.2710981e4; 00072 /// s 00073 const double minute=6e1; 00074 /// s 00075 const double hour=3.6e3; 00076 /// s 00077 const double day=8.64e4; 00078 /// s 00079 const double week=6.048e5; 00080 /// cm 00081 const double inch=2.54e0; 00082 /// cm 00083 const double foot=3.048e1; 00084 /// cm 00085 const double yard=9.144e1; 00086 /// cm 00087 const double mile=1.609344e5; 00088 /// cm 00089 const double nautical_mile=1.852e5; 00090 /// cm 00091 const double fathom=1.8288e2; 00092 /// cm 00093 const double mil=2.54e-3; 00094 /// cm 00095 const double point=3.52777777778e-2; 00096 /// cm 00097 const double texpoint=3.51459803515e-2; 00098 /// cm 00099 const double micron=1e-4; 00100 /// cm 00101 const double angstrom=1e-8; 00102 /// cm^2 00103 const double hectare=1e8; 00104 /// cm^2 00105 const double acre=4.04685642241e7; 00106 /// cm^2 00107 const double barn=1e-24; 00108 /// cm^3 00109 const double liter=1e3; 00110 /// cm^3 00111 const double us_gallon=3.78541178402e3; 00112 /// cm^3 00113 const double quart=9.46352946004e2; 00114 /// cm^3 00115 const double pint=4.73176473002e2; 00116 /// cm^3 00117 const double cup=2.36588236501e2; 00118 /// cm^3 00119 const double fluid_ounce=2.95735295626e1; 00120 /// cm^3 00121 const double tablespoon=1.47867647813e1; 00122 /// cm^3 00123 const double teaspoon=4.92892159375e0; 00124 /// cm^3 00125 const double canadian_gallon=4.54609e3; 00126 /// cm^3 00127 const double uk_gallon=4.546092e3; 00128 /// cm / s 00129 const double miles_per_hour=4.4704e1; 00130 /// cm / s 00131 const double kilometers_per_hour=2.77777777778e1; 00132 /// cm / s 00133 const double knot=5.14444444444e1; 00134 /// g 00135 const double pound_mass=4.5359237e2; 00136 /// g 00137 const double ounce_mass=2.8349523125e1; 00138 /// g 00139 const double ton=9.0718474e5; 00140 /// g 00141 const double metric_ton=1e6; 00142 /// g 00143 const double uk_ton=1.0160469088e6; 00144 /// g 00145 const double troy_ounce=3.1103475e1; 00146 /// g 00147 const double carat=2e-1; 00148 /// g 00149 //const double unified_atomic_mass=1.66053873e-24; 00150 const double unified_atomic_mass=1.660538921e-24; 00151 /// cm g / s^2 00152 const double gram_force=9.80665e2; 00153 /// cm g / s^2 00154 const double pound_force=4.44822161526e5; 00155 /// cm g / s^2 00156 const double kilopound_force=4.44822161526e8; 00157 /// cm g / s^2 00158 const double poundal=1.38255e4; 00159 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00160 const double calorie=4.1868e7; 00161 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00162 const double btu=1.05505585262e10; 00163 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00164 const double therm=1.05506e15; 00165 /// g cm^2 / s^3 00166 const double horsepower=7.457e9; 00167 /// g / cm s^2 00168 const double bar=1e6; 00169 /// g / cm s^2 00170 const double std_atmosphere=1.01325e6; 00171 /// g / cm s^2 00172 const double torr=1.33322368421e3; 00173 /// g / cm s^2 00174 const double meter_of_mercury=1.33322368421e6; 00175 /// g / cm s^2 00176 const double inch_of_mercury=3.38638815789e4; 00177 /// g / cm s^2 00178 const double inch_of_water=2.490889e3; 00179 /// g / cm s^2 00180 const double psi=6.89475729317e4; 00181 /// g / cm s 00182 const double poise=1e0; 00183 /// cm^2 / s 00184 const double stokes=1e0; 00185 /// cd / cm^2 00186 const double stilb=1e0; 00187 /// cd sr 00188 const double lumen=1e0; 00189 /// cd sr / cm^2 00190 const double lux=1e-4; 00191 /// cd sr / cm^2 00192 const double phot=1e0; 00193 /// cd sr / cm^2 00194 const double footcandle=1.076e-3; 00195 /// cd sr / cm^2 00196 const double lambert=1e0; 00197 /// cd sr / cm^2 00198 const double footlambert=1.07639104e-3; 00199 /// 1 / s 00200 const double curie=3.7e10; 00201 /// A s / g 00202 const double roentgen=2.58e-7; 00203 /// cm^2 / s^2 00204 const double rad=1e2; 00205 /// g 00206 const double solar_mass=1.98892e33; 00207 /// cm 00208 const double bohr_radius=5.291772083e-9; 00209 /// cm g / s^2 00210 const double newton=1e5; 00211 /// cm g / s^2 00212 const double dyne=1e0; 00213 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00214 const double joule=1e7; 00215 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00216 const double erg=1e0; 00217 /// g / K^4 s^3 00218 const double stefan_boltzmann_constant=5.67039934436e-5; 00219 /// cm^2 00220 const double thomson_cross_section=6.65245853542e-25; 00221 } 00222 00223 /** \brief GSL constants in CGSM units 00224 */ 00225 namespace gsl_cgsm { 00226 /// cm 00227 const double schwarzchild_radius=2.95325008e5; 00228 /// cm / s 00229 const double speed_of_light=2.99792458e10; 00230 /// cm^3 / g s^2 00231 const double gravitational_constant=6.67384e-8; 00232 /// g cm^2 / s 00233 const double plancks_constant_h=6.62606876e-27; 00234 /// g cm^2 / s 00235 const double plancks_constant_hbar=1.054571726e-27; 00236 /// cm 00237 const double astronomical_unit=1.49597870691e13; 00238 /// cm 00239 const double light_year=9.46053620707e17; 00240 /// cm 00241 const double parsec=3.08567758135e18; 00242 /// cm / s^2 00243 const double grav_accel=9.80665e2; 00244 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00245 const double electron_volt=1.602176487e-12; 00246 /// g 00247 const double mass_electron=9.10938291e-28; 00248 /// g 00249 const double mass_muon=1.88353109e-25; 00250 /// g 00251 const double mass_proton=1.672621777e-24; 00252 /// g 00253 const double mass_neutron=1.674927351e-24; 00254 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00255 const double rydberg=2.17987190389e-11; 00256 /// g cm^2 / K s^2 00257 const double boltzmann=1.3806503e-16; 00258 /// abamp cm^2 00259 const double electron_magnetic_moment=9.28476362e-21; 00260 /// abamp cm^2 00261 const double proton_magnetic_moment=1.410606633e-23; 00262 /// g cm^2 / K mol s^2 00263 const double molar_gas=8.314472e7; 00264 /// cm^3 / mol 00265 const double standard_gas_volume=2.2710981e4; 00266 /// s 00267 const double minute=6e1; 00268 /// s 00269 const double hour=3.6e3; 00270 /// s 00271 const double day=8.64e4; 00272 /// s 00273 const double week=6.048e5; 00274 /// cm 00275 const double inch=2.54e0; 00276 /// cm 00277 const double foot=3.048e1; 00278 /// cm 00279 const double yard=9.144e1; 00280 /// cm 00281 const double mile=1.609344e5; 00282 /// cm 00283 const double nautical_mile=1.852e5; 00284 /// cm 00285 const double fathom=1.8288e2; 00286 /// cm 00287 const double mil=2.54e-3; 00288 /// cm 00289 const double point=3.52777777778e-2; 00290 /// cm 00291 const double texpoint=3.51459803515e-2; 00292 /// cm 00293 const double micron=1e-4; 00294 /// cm 00295 const double angstrom=1e-8; 00296 /// cm^2 00297 const double hectare=1e8; 00298 /// cm^2 00299 const double acre=4.04685642241e7; 00300 /// cm^2 00301 const double barn=1e-24; 00302 /// cm^3 00303 const double liter=1e3; 00304 /// cm^3 00305 const double us_gallon=3.78541178402e3; 00306 /// cm^3 00307 const double quart=9.46352946004e2; 00308 /// cm^3 00309 const double pint=4.73176473002e2; 00310 /// cm^3 00311 const double cup=2.36588236501e2; 00312 /// cm^3 00313 const double fluid_ounce=2.95735295626e1; 00314 /// cm^3 00315 const double tablespoon=1.47867647813e1; 00316 /// cm^3 00317 const double teaspoon=4.92892159375e0; 00318 /// cm^3 00319 const double canadian_gallon=4.54609e3; 00320 /// cm^3 00321 const double uk_gallon=4.546092e3; 00322 /// cm / s 00323 const double miles_per_hour=4.4704e1; 00324 /// cm / s 00325 const double kilometers_per_hour=2.77777777778e1; 00326 /// cm / s 00327 const double knot=5.14444444444e1; 00328 /// g 00329 const double pound_mass=4.5359237e2; 00330 /// g 00331 const double ounce_mass=2.8349523125e1; 00332 /// g 00333 const double ton=9.0718474e5; 00334 /// g 00335 const double metric_ton=1e6; 00336 /// g 00337 const double uk_ton=1.0160469088e6; 00338 /// g 00339 const double troy_ounce=3.1103475e1; 00340 /// g 00341 const double carat=2e-1; 00342 /// g 00343 //const double unified_atomic_mass=1.66053873e-24; 00344 const double unified_atomic_mass=1.660538921e-24; 00345 /// cm g / s^2 00346 const double gram_force=9.80665e2; 00347 /// cm g / s^2 00348 const double pound_force=4.44822161526e5; 00349 /// cm g / s^2 00350 const double kilopound_force=4.44822161526e8; 00351 /// cm g / s^2 00352 const double poundal=1.38255e4; 00353 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00354 const double calorie=4.1868e7; 00355 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00356 const double btu=1.05505585262e10; 00357 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00358 const double therm=1.05506e15; 00359 /// g cm^2 / s^3 00360 const double horsepower=7.457e9; 00361 /// g / cm s^2 00362 const double bar=1e6; 00363 /// g / cm s^2 00364 const double std_atmosphere=1.01325e6; 00365 /// g / cm s^2 00366 const double torr=1.33322368421e3; 00367 /// g / cm s^2 00368 const double meter_of_mercury=1.33322368421e6; 00369 /// g / cm s^2 00370 const double inch_of_mercury=3.38638815789e4; 00371 /// g / cm s^2 00372 const double inch_of_water=2.490889e3; 00373 /// g / cm s^2 00374 const double psi=6.89475729317e4; 00375 /// g / cm s 00376 const double poise=1e0; 00377 /// cm^2 / s 00378 const double stokes=1e0; 00379 /// abamp s / mol 00380 const double faraday=9.64853429775e3; 00381 /// abamp s 00382 const double electron_charge=1.602176565e-20; 00383 /// cd / cm^2 00384 const double stilb=1e0; 00385 /// cd sr 00386 const double lumen=1e0; 00387 /// cd sr / cm^2 00388 const double lux=1e-4; 00389 /// cd sr / cm^2 00390 const double phot=1e0; 00391 /// cd sr / cm^2 00392 const double footcandle=1.076e-3; 00393 /// cd sr / cm^2 00394 const double lambert=1e0; 00395 /// cd sr / cm^2 00396 const double footlambert=1.07639104e-3; 00397 /// 1 / s 00398 const double curie=3.7e10; 00399 /// abamp s / g 00400 const double roentgen=2.58e-8; 00401 /// cm^2 / s^2 00402 const double rad=1e2; 00403 /// g 00404 const double solar_mass=1.98892e33; 00405 /// cm 00406 const double bohr_radius=5.291772083e-9; 00407 /// cm g / s^2 00408 const double newton=1e5; 00409 /// cm g / s^2 00410 const double dyne=1e0; 00411 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00412 const double joule=1e7; 00413 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00414 const double erg=1e0; 00415 /// g / K^4 s^3 00416 const double stefan_boltzmann_constant=5.67039934436e-5; 00417 /// cm^2 00418 const double thomson_cross_section=6.65245853542e-25; 00419 /// abamp cm^2 00420 const double bohr_magneton=9.27400899e-21; 00421 /// abamp cm^2 00422 const double nuclear_magneton=5.05078317e-24; 00423 00424 } 00425 00426 /** \brief GSL constants in MKS units 00427 */ 00428 namespace gsl_mks { 00429 /// m 00430 const double schwarzchild_radius=2.95325008e3; 00431 /// m / s 00432 const double speed_of_light=2.99792458e8; 00433 /// m^3 / kg s^2 00434 const double gravitational_constant=6.67384e-11; 00435 /// kg m^2 / s 00436 const double plancks_constant_h=6.62606876e-34; 00437 /// kg m^2 / s 00438 const double plancks_constant_hbar=1.054571726e-34; 00439 /// m 00440 const double astronomical_unit=1.49597870691e11; 00441 /// m 00442 const double light_year=9.46053620707e15; 00443 /// m 00444 const double parsec=3.08567758135e16; 00445 /// m / s^2 00446 const double grav_accel=9.80665e0; 00447 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00448 const double electron_volt=1.602176487e-19; 00449 /// kg 00450 const double mass_electron=9.10938291e-31; 00451 /// kg 00452 const double mass_muon=1.88353109e-28; 00453 /// kg 00454 const double mass_proton=1.672621777e-27; 00455 /// kg 00456 const double mass_neutron=1.674927351e-27; 00457 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00458 const double rydberg=2.17987190389e-18; 00459 /// kg m^2 / K s^2 00460 const double boltzmann=1.3806503e-23; 00461 /// A m^2 00462 const double bohr_magneton=9.27400899e-24; 00463 /// A m^2 00464 const double nuclear_magneton=5.05078317e-27; 00465 /// A m^2 00466 const double electron_magnetic_moment=9.28476362e-24; 00467 /// A m^2 00468 const double proton_magnetic_moment=1.410606633e-26; 00469 /// kg m^2 / K mol s^2 00470 const double molar_gas=8.314472e0; 00471 /// m^3 / mol 00472 const double standard_gas_volume=2.2710981e-2; 00473 /// s 00474 const double minute=6e1; 00475 /// s 00476 const double hour=3.6e3; 00477 /// s 00478 const double day=8.64e4; 00479 /// s 00480 const double week=6.048e5; 00481 /// m 00482 const double inch=2.54e-2; 00483 /// m 00484 const double foot=3.048e-1; 00485 /// m 00486 const double yard=9.144e-1; 00487 /// m 00488 const double mile=1.609344e3; 00489 /// m 00490 const double nautical_mile=1.852e3; 00491 /// m 00492 const double fathom=1.8288e0; 00493 /// m 00494 const double mil=2.54e-5; 00495 /// m 00496 const double point=3.52777777778e-4; 00497 /// m 00498 const double texpoint=3.51459803515e-4; 00499 /// m 00500 const double micron=1e-6; 00501 /// m 00502 const double angstrom=1e-10; 00503 /// m^2 00504 const double hectare=1e4; 00505 /// m^2 00506 const double acre=4.04685642241e3; 00507 /// m^2 00508 const double barn=1e-28; 00509 /// m^3 00510 const double liter=1e-3; 00511 /// m^3 00512 const double us_gallon=3.78541178402e-3; 00513 /// m^3 00514 const double quart=9.46352946004e-4; 00515 /// m^3 00516 const double pint=4.73176473002e-4; 00517 /// m^3 00518 const double cup=2.36588236501e-4; 00519 /// m^3 00520 const double fluid_ounce=2.95735295626e-5; 00521 /// m^3 00522 const double tablespoon=1.47867647813e-5; 00523 /// m^3 00524 const double teaspoon=4.92892159375e-6; 00525 /// m^3 00526 const double canadian_gallon=4.54609e-3; 00527 /// m^3 00528 const double uk_gallon=4.546092e-3; 00529 /// m / s 00530 const double miles_per_hour=4.4704e-1; 00531 /// m / s 00532 const double kilometers_per_hour=2.77777777778e-1; 00533 /// m / s 00534 const double knot=5.14444444444e-1; 00535 /// kg 00536 const double pound_mass=4.5359237e-1; 00537 /// kg 00538 const double ounce_mass=2.8349523125e-2; 00539 /// kg 00540 const double ton=9.0718474e2; 00541 /// kg 00542 const double metric_ton=1e3; 00543 /// kg 00544 const double uk_ton=1.0160469088e3; 00545 /// kg 00546 const double troy_ounce=3.1103475e-2; 00547 /// kg 00548 const double carat=2e-4; 00549 /// kg 00550 //const double unified_atomic_mass=1.66053873e-27; 00551 const double unified_atomic_mass=1.660538921e-27; 00552 /// kg m / s^2 00553 const double gram_force=9.80665e-3; 00554 /// kg m / s^2 00555 const double pound_force=4.44822161526e0; 00556 /// kg m / s^2 00557 const double kilopound_force=4.44822161526e3; 00558 /// kg m / s^2 00559 const double poundal=1.38255e-1; 00560 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00561 const double calorie=4.1868e0; 00562 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00563 const double btu=1.05505585262e3; 00564 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00565 const double therm=1.05506e8; 00566 /// kg m^2 / s^3 00567 const double horsepower=7.457e2; 00568 /// kg / m s^2 00569 const double bar=1e5; 00570 /// kg / m s^2 00571 const double std_atmosphere=1.01325e5; 00572 /// kg / m s^2 00573 const double torr=1.33322368421e2; 00574 /// kg / m s^2 00575 const double meter_of_mercury=1.33322368421e5; 00576 /// kg / m s^2 00577 const double inch_of_mercury=3.38638815789e3; 00578 /// kg / m s^2 00579 const double inch_of_water=2.490889e2; 00580 /// kg / m s^2 00581 const double psi=6.89475729317e3; 00582 /// kg m^-1 s^-1 00583 const double poise=1e-1; 00584 /// m^2 / s 00585 const double stokes=1e-4; 00586 /// A s / mol 00587 const double faraday=9.64853429775e4; 00588 /// A s 00589 const double electron_charge=1.602176565e-19; 00590 /// kg / A s^2 00591 const double gauss=1e-4; 00592 /// cd / m^2 00593 const double stilb=1e4; 00594 /// cd sr 00595 const double lumen=1e0; 00596 /// cd sr / m^2 00597 const double lux=1e0; 00598 /// cd sr / m^2 00599 const double phot=1e4; 00600 /// cd sr / m^2 00601 const double footcandle=1.076e1; 00602 /// cd sr / m^2 00603 const double lambert=1e4; 00604 /// cd sr / m^2 00605 const double footlambert=1.07639104e1; 00606 /// 1 / s 00607 const double curie=3.7e10; 00608 /// A s / kg 00609 const double roentgen=2.58e-4; 00610 /// m^2 / s^2 00611 const double rad=1e-2; 00612 /// kg 00613 const double solar_mass=1.98892e30; 00614 /// m 00615 const double bohr_radius=5.291772083e-11; 00616 /// kg m / s^2 00617 const double newton=1e0; 00618 /// kg m / s^2 00619 const double dyne=1e-5; 00620 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00621 const double joule=1e0; 00622 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00623 const double erg=1e-7; 00624 /// kg / K^4 s^3 00625 const double stefan_boltzmann_constant=5.67039934436e-8; 00626 /// m^2 00627 const double thomson_cross_section=6.65245853542e-29; 00628 /// A^2 s^4 / kg m^3 00629 const double vacuum_permittivity=8.854187817e-12; 00630 /// kg m / A^2 s^2 00631 const double vacuum_permeability=1.25663706144e-6; 00632 } 00633 00634 /** \brief GSL constants in MKSA units 00635 */ 00636 namespace gsl_mksa { 00637 /// m 00638 const double schwarzchild_radius=2.95325008e3; 00639 /// m / s 00640 const double speed_of_light=2.99792458e8; 00641 /// m^3 / kg s^2 00642 const double gravitational_constant=6.67384e-11; 00643 /// kg m^2 / s 00644 const double plancks_constant_h=6.62606876e-34; 00645 /// kg m^2 / s 00646 const double plancks_constant_hbar=1.054571726e-34; 00647 /// m 00648 const double astronomical_unit=1.49597870691e11; 00649 /// m 00650 const double light_year=9.46053620707e15; 00651 /// m 00652 const double parsec=3.08567758135e16; 00653 /// m / s^2 00654 const double grav_accel=9.80665e0; 00655 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00656 const double electron_volt=1.602176487e-19; 00657 /// kg 00658 const double mass_electron=9.10938291e-31; 00659 /// kg 00660 const double mass_muon=1.88353109e-28; 00661 /// kg 00662 const double mass_proton=1.672621777e-27; 00663 /// kg 00664 const double mass_neutron=1.674927351e-27; 00665 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00666 const double rydberg=2.17987190389e-18; 00667 /// kg m^2 / K s^2 00668 const double boltzmann=1.3806503e-23; 00669 /// A m^2 00670 const double bohr_magneton=9.27400899e-24; 00671 /// A m^2 00672 const double nuclear_magneton=5.05078317e-27; 00673 /// A m^2 00674 const double electron_magnetic_moment=9.28476362e-24; 00675 /// A m^2 00676 const double proton_magnetic_moment=1.410606633e-26; 00677 /// kg m^2 / K mol s^2 00678 const double molar_gas=8.314472e0; 00679 /// m^3 / mol 00680 const double standard_gas_volume=2.2710981e-2; 00681 /// s 00682 const double minute=6e1; 00683 /// s 00684 const double hour=3.6e3; 00685 /// s 00686 const double day=8.64e4; 00687 /// s 00688 const double week=6.048e5; 00689 /// m 00690 const double inch=2.54e-2; 00691 /// m 00692 const double foot=3.048e-1; 00693 /// m 00694 const double yard=9.144e-1; 00695 /// m 00696 const double mile=1.609344e3; 00697 /// m 00698 const double nautical_mile=1.852e3; 00699 /// m 00700 const double fathom=1.8288e0; 00701 /// m 00702 const double mil=2.54e-5; 00703 /// m 00704 const double point=3.52777777778e-4; 00705 /// m 00706 const double texpoint=3.51459803515e-4; 00707 /// m 00708 const double micron=1e-6; 00709 /// m 00710 const double angstrom=1e-10; 00711 /// m^2 00712 const double hectare=1e4; 00713 /// m^2 00714 const double acre=4.04685642241e3; 00715 /// m^2 00716 const double barn=1e-28; 00717 /// m^3 00718 const double liter=1e-3; 00719 /// m^3 00720 const double us_gallon=3.78541178402e-3; 00721 /// m^3 00722 const double quart=9.46352946004e-4; 00723 /// m^3 00724 const double pint=4.73176473002e-4; 00725 /// m^3 00726 const double cup=2.36588236501e-4; 00727 /// m^3 00728 const double fluid_ounce=2.95735295626e-5; 00729 /// m^3 00730 const double tablespoon=1.47867647813e-5; 00731 /// m^3 00732 const double teaspoon=4.92892159375e-6; 00733 /// m^3 00734 const double canadian_gallon=4.54609e-3; 00735 /// m^3 00736 const double uk_gallon=4.546092e-3; 00737 /// m / s 00738 const double miles_per_hour=4.4704e-1; 00739 /// m / s 00740 const double kilometers_per_hour=2.77777777778e-1; 00741 /// m / s 00742 const double knot=5.14444444444e-1; 00743 /// kg 00744 const double pound_mass=4.5359237e-1; 00745 /// kg 00746 const double ounce_mass=2.8349523125e-2; 00747 /// kg 00748 const double ton=9.0718474e2; 00749 /// kg 00750 const double metric_ton=1e3; 00751 /// kg 00752 const double uk_ton=1.0160469088e3; 00753 /// kg 00754 const double troy_ounce=3.1103475e-2; 00755 /// kg 00756 const double carat=2e-4; 00757 /// kg 00758 //const double unified_atomic_mass=1.66053873e-27; 00759 const double unified_atomic_mass=1.660538921e-27; 00760 /// kg m / s^2 00761 const double gram_force=9.80665e-3; 00762 /// kg m / s^2 00763 const double pound_force=4.44822161526e0; 00764 /// kg m / s^2 00765 const double kilopound_force=4.44822161526e3; 00766 /// kg m / s^2 00767 const double poundal=1.38255e-1; 00768 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00769 const double calorie=4.1868e0; 00770 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00771 const double btu=1.05505585262e3; 00772 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00773 const double therm=1.05506e8; 00774 /// kg m^2 / s^3 00775 const double horsepower=7.457e2; 00776 /// kg / m s^2 00777 const double bar=1e5; 00778 /// kg / m s^2 00779 const double std_atmosphere=1.01325e5; 00780 /// kg / m s^2 00781 const double torr=1.33322368421e2; 00782 /// kg / m s^2 00783 const double meter_of_mercury=1.33322368421e5; 00784 /// kg / m s^2 00785 const double inch_of_mercury=3.38638815789e3; 00786 /// kg / m s^2 00787 const double inch_of_water=2.490889e2; 00788 /// kg / m s^2 00789 const double psi=6.89475729317e3; 00790 /// kg m^-1 s^-1 00791 const double poise=1e-1; 00792 /// m^2 / s 00793 const double stokes=1e-4; 00794 /// A s / mol 00795 const double faraday=9.64853429775e4; 00796 /// A s 00797 const double electron_charge=1.602176565e-19; 00798 /// kg / A s^2 00799 const double gauss=1e-4; 00800 /// cd / m^2 00801 const double stilb=1e4; 00802 /// cd sr 00803 const double lumen=1e0; 00804 /// cd sr / m^2 00805 const double lux=1e0; 00806 /// cd sr / m^2 00807 const double phot=1e4; 00808 /// cd sr / m^2 00809 const double footcandle=1.076e1; 00810 /// cd sr / m^2 00811 const double lambert=1e4; 00812 /// cd sr / m^2 00813 const double footlambert=1.07639104e1; 00814 /// 1 / s 00815 const double curie=3.7e10; 00816 /// A s / kg 00817 const double roentgen=2.58e-4; 00818 /// m^2 / s^2 00819 const double rad=1e-2; 00820 /// kg 00821 const double solar_mass=1.98892e30; 00822 /// m 00823 const double bohr_radius=5.291772083e-11; 00824 /// kg m / s^2 00825 const double newton=1e0; 00826 /// kg m / s^2 00827 const double dyne=1e-5; 00828 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00829 const double joule=1e0; 00830 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00831 const double erg=1e-7; 00832 /// kg / K^4 s^3 00833 const double stefan_boltzmann_constant=5.67039934436e-8; 00834 /// m^2 00835 const double thomson_cross_section=6.65245853542e-29; 00836 /// A^2 s^4 / kg m^3 00837 const double vacuum_permittivity=8.854187817e-12; 00838 /// kg m / A^2 s^2 00839 const double vacuum_permeability=1.25663706144e-6; 00840 } 00841 00842 /** \brief GSL numerical constants 00843 */ 00844 namespace gsl_num { 00845 const double yotta=1e24; 00846 const double zetta=1e21; 00847 const double exa=1e18; 00848 const double peta=1e15; 00849 const double tera=1e12; 00850 const double giga=1e9; 00851 const double mega=1e6; 00852 const double kilo=1e3; 00853 const double milli=1e-3; 00854 const double micro=1e-6; 00855 const double nano=1e-9; 00856 const double pico=1e-12; 00857 const double femto=1e-15; 00858 const double atto=1e-18; 00859 const double zepto=1e-21; 00860 const double yocto=1e-24; 00861 00862 /** \brief Fine structure constant (updated from 00863 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants) 00864 */ 00865 const double fine_structure=7.2973525376e-3; 00866 /** \brief Avogadro's number (updated from 00867 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants) 00868 */ 00869 const double avogadro=6.02214179e23; 00870 } 00871 00872 /** \brief O2scl constants 00873 */ 00874 namespace o2scl_const { 00875 00876 const double gsl_posinf=GSL_POSINF; 00877 const double gsl_neginf=GSL_NEGINF; 00878 00879 /// \f$ \pi \f$ 00880 const double pi=acos(-1.0); 00881 /// \f$ \pi^2 \f$ 00882 const double pi2=pi*pi; 00883 /// \f$ \zeta(3/2) \f$ 00884 const double zeta32=2.6123753486854883433; 00885 /// \f$ \zeta(2) \f$ 00886 const double zeta2=1.6449340668482264365; 00887 /// \f$ \zeta(5/2) \f$ 00888 const double zeta52=1.3414872572509171798; 00889 /// \f$ \zeta(3) \f$ 00890 const double zeta3=1.2020569031595942854; 00891 /// \f$ \zeta(5) \f$ 00892 const double zeta5=1.0369277551433699263; 00893 /// \f$ \zeta(7) \f$ 00894 00895 const double zeta7=1.0083492773819228268; 00896 00897 /** \name Particle Physics Booklet 00898 00899 (see also D.E. Groom, et. al., Euro. Phys. J. C 15 (2000) 1.) 00900 */ 00901 //@{ 00902 /// \f$ \sin^2 \theta_W \f$ 00903 const double sin2_theta_weak=0.2224; 00904 /// 1 MeV in kg 00905 const double mev_kg=1.782661731e-30; 00906 /// 1 MeV in \f$ g \cdot cm^2 / s^2 \f$ (ergs) 00907 const double mev_cgs=1.60217733e-6; 00908 /// 1 MeV in Kelvin 00909 const double boltzmann_mev_K=8.617342e-11; 00910 00911 // This was removed because it's just a duplicate of a 00912 // GSL constant above 00913 // 00914 // 1 eV in \f$ kg \cdot m^2 /s^2 \f$ (Joules) 00915 // const double ev_mks=1.602176487e-19; 00916 // 00917 00918 //@} 00919 00920 /** \name From http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants (7/27/11) 00921 */ 00922 //@{ 00923 /// \f$ \hbar c \f$ in MeV fm 00924 const double hc_mev_fm=197.3269718; 00925 /// Fermi coupling constant (\f$ G_F \f$) in \f$ GeV^{-2} \f$ 00926 const double gfermi_gev=1.166364e-5; 00927 /// \f$ \hbar c \f$ in MeV cm 00928 const double hc_mev_cm=1.973269718e-11; 00929 //@} 00930 00931 /** \name Squared electron charge 00932 */ 00933 //@{ 00934 /** \brief Electron charge squared in Gaussian units 00935 00936 In Gaussian Units: 00937 \f{eqnarray*} 00938 &\vec{\nabla} \cdot \vec{E} = 4 \pi \rho \, , 00939 \quad 00940 \vec{E}=-\vec{\nabla} \Phi \, , 00941 \quad 00942 \nabla^2 \Phi = - 4 \pi \rho \, , 00943 &\\& 00944 F=\frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2} \, , 00945 \quad 00946 W=\frac{1}{2} \int \rho V d^3 x 00947 =\frac{1}{8 \pi} \int | \vec{E} |^2 d^3 x \, , 00948 \quad 00949 \alpha=\frac{e^2}{\hbar c}=\frac{1}{137}& 00950 \f} 00951 */ 00952 const double e2_gaussian=o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm*gsl_num::fine_structure; 00953 /** \brief Electron charge sqaured in 00954 Heaviside-Lorentz units where \f$\hbar=c=1\f$. 00955 00956 In Heaviside-Lorentz units: 00957 \f{eqnarray*} 00958 &\vec{\nabla} \cdot \vec{E} = \rho \, , 00959 \quad 00960 \vec{E}=-\vec{\nabla} \Phi \, , 00961 \quad 00962 \nabla^2 \Phi = - \rho \, , 00963 &\\& 00964 F=\frac{q_1 q_2}{4 \pi r^2} \, , 00965 \quad 00966 W=\frac{1}{2} \int \rho V d^3 x 00967 =\frac{1}{2} \int | \vec{E} |^2 d^3 x \, , 00968 \quad 00969 \alpha=\frac{e^2}{4 \pi}=\frac{1}{137}& 00970 \f} 00971 */ 00972 const double e2_hlorentz=gsl_num::fine_structure*4.0*pi; 00973 /** \brief Electron charge squared in SI(MKSA) units 00974 00975 In MKSA units: 00976 \f{eqnarray*} 00977 &\vec{\nabla} \cdot \vec{E} = \rho \, , 00978 \quad 00979 \vec{E}=-\vec{\nabla} \Phi \, , 00980 \quad 00981 \nabla^2 \Phi = - \rho \, , 00982 &\\& 00983 F=\frac{1}{4 \pi \varepsilon_0}\frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2} \, , 00984 \quad 00985 W=\frac{1}{2} \int \rho V d^3 x 00986 =\frac{\varepsilon_0}{2} \int | \vec{E} |^2 d^3 x \, , 00987 \quad 00988 \alpha=\frac{e^2}{4 \pi \varepsilon_0 \hbar c}=\frac{1}{137}& 00989 \f} 00990 00991 Note the conversion formulas 00992 \f[ 00993 q_HL=\sqrt{4 \pi} q_G = \frac{1}{\sqrt{\varepsilon_0}} q_{SI} 00994 \f] 00995 as mentioned in pg. 13 of D. Griffiths Intro to Elem. Particles. 00996 */ 00997 const double e2_mksa=gsl_mksa::electron_charge; 00998 //@} 00999 01000 } 01001 01002 /** \brief Constants in units of fm 01003 01004 In nuclear physics is frequently convenient to work in units of 01005 \f$\mathrm{fm}\f$ with \f$\hbar=c=k_B=1\f$. Several useful 01006 constants are given here. 01007 01008 For example, \ref mev gives 1 \f$\mathrm{MeV}\f$ in units of 01009 \f$\mathrm{fm}^{-1}\f$ (the solution to the equation \f$ 1 01010 \mathrm{MeV} = x~\mathrm{fm}^{-1}\f$). If you have a number in 01011 \f$\mathrm{MeV}\f$, you can multiply by \ref mev to get a number 01012 in units of \f$\mathrm{fm}^{-1}\f$. Alternatively, \ref mev is a 01013 number with units \f$\mathrm{MeV}^{-1}\cdot\mathrm{fm}^{-1}\f$. 01014 These can be combined, so that \ref erg divided by \ref sec is 01015 1 \f$\mathrm{erg/sec}\f$ in units of \f$\mathrm{fm}^{-2}\f$. 01016 01017 /todo Make e.g. neutron mass consistent with the GSL ones 01018 somehow. 01019 */ 01020 namespace o2scl_fm { 01021 01022 /** \name From http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/index.html (7/27/11) 01023 */ 01024 //@{ 01025 /// Neutron mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01026 const double mass_neutron=939.565379/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01027 /// Proton mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01028 const double mass_proton=938.272046/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01029 /// Electron mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01030 const double mass_electron=0.510998928/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01031 /// Muon mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01032 const double mass_muon=105.6583715/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01033 /// Atomic mass unit in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01034 const double mass_amu=931.494061/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01035 /** \brief Alpha particle mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01036 01037 This does not include the mass of the additional two electrons 01038 which are present in a helium atom. 01039 */ 01040 const double mass_alpha=3727.379240/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01041 //@} 01042 01043 /** \name Masses from Particle Physics Booklet 01044 01045 (see also D.E. Groom, et. al., Euro. Phys. J. C 15 (2000) 1.) 01046 */ 01047 //@{ 01048 /// \f$\Lambda\f$ mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01049 const double mass_lambda=1115.683/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01050 /// \f$\Sigma^{-}\f$ mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01051 const double mass_sigmam=1197.45/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01052 /// \f$\Sigma^{0}\f$ mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01053 const double mass_sigma=1192.642/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01054 /// \f$\Sigma^{+}\f$ mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01055 const double mass_sigmap=1189.37/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01056 /// \f$\Xi^{-}\f$ mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01057 const double mass_cascadem=1321.3/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01058 /// \f$\Xi^{0}\f$ mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01059 const double mass_cascade=1314.8/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01060 /// \f$\omega\f$ mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01061 const double mass_omega=782.57/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01062 /// \f$\rho\f$ mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01063 const double mass_rho=769.3/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01064 //@} 01065 01066 01067 /// 1 \f$\mathrm{MeV}\f$ in \f$\mathrm{fm}^{-1}\f$ 01068 const double mev=1.0/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01069 01070 /// 1 \f$\mathrm{kg}\f$ in \f$\mathrm{fm}^{-1}\f$ 01071 const double kg=mev*5.60958885e29; 01072 01073 /// 1 \f$\mathrm{Kelvin}\f$ in \f$\mathrm{fm}^{-1}\f$ 01074 const double Kelvin=8.6173324e-11*mev; 01075 01076 /// 1 \f$\mathrm{Joule}\f$ in \f$\mathrm{fm}^{-1}\f$ 01077 const double joule=kg/gsl_mks::speed_of_light/gsl_mks::speed_of_light; 01078 01079 /// 1 \f$M_{\odot}/km^{3}\f$ in \f$\mathrm{fm}^{-4}\f$ 01080 const double msun_per_km3=gsl_mks::solar_mass/1.0e54*kg; 01081 01082 /// 1 \f$\mathrm{erg}\f$ in \f$\mathrm{fm}^{-1}\f$ 01083 const double erg=kg/1.0e3/gsl_cgs::speed_of_light/gsl_cgs::speed_of_light; 01084 01085 /// 1 \f$\mathrm{second}\f$ in \f$\mathrm{fm}\f$ 01086 const double sec=gsl_mks::speed_of_light*1.0e15; 01087 01088 /** \brief 1 \f$\mathrm{Gauss}\f$ times the electron charge 01089 in Gaussian units in \f$\mathrm{fm}^{-2}\f$ 01090 */ 01091 const double ec_gauss_fm2=gsl_mks::electron_charge*1.0e-34/ 01092 gsl_mks::plancks_constant_hbar; 01093 01094 /** \brief Conversion factor from \f$ \mathrm{Gauss}^2 \f$ to 01095 \f$\mathrm{fm}^{-4}\f$ in Gaussian units. 01096 01097 This is useful, e.g. in converting magnetic field squared 01098 to an energy density. 01099 */ 01100 const double gauss2_fm4=ec_gauss_fm2*ec_gauss_fm2/gsl_num::fine_structure; 01101 01102 } 01103 01104 01105 #endif
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