00001 /* 00002 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 00003 00004 Copyright (C) 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, Andrew W. Steiner 00005 00006 This file is part of O2scl. 00007 00008 O2scl is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify 00009 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 00010 the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or 00011 (at your option) any later version. 00012 00013 O2scl is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 00014 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 00015 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 00016 GNU General Public License for more details. 00017 00018 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 00019 along with O2scl. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. 00020 00021 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 00022 */ 00023 #ifndef O2SCL_CONSTANTS_H 00024 #define O2SCL_CONSTANTS_H 00025 00026 #include <cmath> 00027 00028 /** 00029 \brief GSL constants in CGS units 00030 00031 The CGS units are given below each constant 00032 00033 \todo Everywhere check magnetons, faraday, gauss, electronic charge 00034 */ 00035 namespace gsl_cgs { 00036 /// cm 00037 const double schwarzchild_radius=2.95325008e5; 00038 /// cm / s 00039 const double speed_of_light=2.99792458e10; 00040 /// cm^3 / g s^2 00041 const double gravitational_constant=6.673e-8; 00042 /// g cm^2 / s 00043 const double plancks_constant_h=6.62606876e-27; 00044 /// g cm^2 / s 00045 const double plancks_constant_hbar=1.05457159642e-27; 00046 /// cm 00047 const double astronomical_unit=1.49597870691e13; 00048 /// cm 00049 const double light_year=9.46053620707e17; 00050 /// cm 00051 const double parsec=3.08567758135e18; 00052 /// cm / s^2 00053 const double grav_accel=9.80665e2; 00054 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00055 const double electron_volt=1.602176462e-12; 00056 /// g 00057 const double mass_electron=9.10938188e-28; 00058 /// g 00059 const double mass_muon=1.88353109e-25; 00060 /// g 00061 const double mass_proton=1.67262158e-24; 00062 /// g 00063 const double mass_neutron=1.67492716e-24; 00064 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00065 const double rydberg=2.17987190389e-11; 00066 /// g cm^2 / K s^2 00067 const double boltzmann=1.3806503e-16; 00068 /// g cm^2 / K mol s^2 00069 const double molar_gas=8.314472e7; 00070 /// cm^3 / mol 00071 const double standard_gas_volume=2.2710981e4; 00072 /// s 00073 const double minute=6e1; 00074 /// s 00075 const double hour=3.6e3; 00076 /// s 00077 const double day=8.64e4; 00078 /// s 00079 const double week=6.048e5; 00080 /// cm 00081 const double inch=2.54e0; 00082 /// cm 00083 const double foot=3.048e1; 00084 /// cm 00085 const double yard=9.144e1; 00086 /// cm 00087 const double mile=1.609344e5; 00088 /// cm 00089 const double nautical_mile=1.852e5; 00090 /// cm 00091 const double fathom=1.8288e2; 00092 /// cm 00093 const double mil=2.54e-3; 00094 /// cm 00095 const double point=3.52777777778e-2; 00096 /// cm 00097 const double texpoint=3.51459803515e-2; 00098 /// cm 00099 const double micron=1e-4; 00100 /// cm 00101 const double angstrom=1e-8; 00102 /// cm^2 00103 const double hectare=1e8; 00104 /// cm^2 00105 const double acre=4.04685642241e7; 00106 /// cm^2 00107 const double barn=1e-24; 00108 /// cm^3 00109 const double liter=1e3; 00110 /// cm^3 00111 const double us_gallon=3.78541178402e3; 00112 /// cm^3 00113 const double quart=9.46352946004e2; 00114 /// cm^3 00115 const double pint=4.73176473002e2; 00116 /// cm^3 00117 const double cup=2.36588236501e2; 00118 /// cm^3 00119 const double fluid_ounce=2.95735295626e1; 00120 /// cm^3 00121 const double tablespoon=1.47867647813e1; 00122 /// cm^3 00123 const double teaspoon=4.92892159375e0; 00124 /// cm^3 00125 const double canadian_gallon=4.54609e3; 00126 /// cm^3 00127 const double uk_gallon=4.546092e3; 00128 /// cm / s 00129 const double miles_per_hour=4.4704e1; 00130 /// cm / s 00131 const double kilometers_per_hour=2.77777777778e1; 00132 /// cm / s 00133 const double knot=5.14444444444e1; 00134 /// g 00135 const double pound_mass=4.5359237e2; 00136 /// g 00137 const double ounce_mass=2.8349523125e1; 00138 /// g 00139 const double ton=9.0718474e5; 00140 /// g 00141 const double metric_ton=1e6; 00142 /// g 00143 const double uk_ton=1.0160469088e6; 00144 /// g 00145 const double troy_ounce=3.1103475e1; 00146 /// g 00147 const double carat=2e-1; 00148 /// g 00149 const double unified_atomic_mass=1.66053873e-24; 00150 /// cm g / s^2 00151 const double gram_force=9.80665e2; 00152 /// cm g / s^2 00153 const double pound_force=4.44822161526e5; 00154 /// cm g / s^2 00155 const double kilopound_force=4.44822161526e8; 00156 /// cm g / s^2 00157 const double poundal=1.38255e4; 00158 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00159 const double calorie=4.1868e7; 00160 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00161 const double btu=1.05505585262e10; 00162 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00163 const double therm=1.05506e15; 00164 /// g cm^2 / s^3 00165 const double horsepower=7.457e9; 00166 /// g / cm s^2 00167 const double bar=1e6; 00168 /// g / cm s^2 00169 const double std_atmosphere=1.01325e6; 00170 /// g / cm s^2 00171 const double torr=1.33322368421e3; 00172 /// g / cm s^2 00173 const double meter_of_mercury=1.33322368421e6; 00174 /// g / cm s^2 00175 const double inch_of_mercury=3.38638815789e4; 00176 /// g / cm s^2 00177 const double inch_of_water=2.490889e3; 00178 /// g / cm s^2 00179 const double psi=6.89475729317e4; 00180 /// g / cm s 00181 const double poise=1e0; 00182 /// cm^2 / s 00183 const double stokes=1e0; 00184 /// cd / cm^2 00185 const double stilb=1e0; 00186 /// cd sr 00187 const double lumen=1e0; 00188 /// cd sr / cm^2 00189 const double lux=1e-4; 00190 /// cd sr / cm^2 00191 const double phot=1e0; 00192 /// cd sr / cm^2 00193 const double footcandle=1.076e-3; 00194 /// cd sr / cm^2 00195 const double lambert=1e0; 00196 /// cd sr / cm^2 00197 const double footlambert=1.07639104e-3; 00198 /// 1 / s 00199 const double curie=3.7e10; 00200 /// A s / g 00201 const double roentgen=2.58e-7; 00202 /// cm^2 / s^2 00203 const double rad=1e2; 00204 /// g 00205 const double solar_mass=1.98892e33; 00206 /// cm 00207 const double bohr_radius=5.291772083e-9; 00208 /// cm g / s^2 00209 const double newton=1e5; 00210 /// cm g / s^2 00211 const double dyne=1e0; 00212 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00213 const double joule=1e7; 00214 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00215 const double erg=1e0; 00216 /// g / K^4 s^3 00217 const double stefan_boltzmann_constant=5.67039934436e-5; 00218 /// cm^2 00219 const double thomson_cross_section=6.65245853542e-25; 00220 } 00221 00222 /** 00223 \brief GSL constants in CGSM units 00224 00225 The CGSM units are given below each constant 00226 00227 \todo Double check...it looks like gauss was removed from cgsm?! 00228 */ 00229 namespace gsl_cgsm { 00230 /// cm 00231 const double schwarzchild_radius=2.95325008e5; 00232 /// cm / s 00233 const double speed_of_light=2.99792458e10; 00234 /// cm^3 / g s^2 00235 const double gravitational_constant=6.673e-8; 00236 /// g cm^2 / s 00237 const double plancks_constant_h=6.62606876e-27; 00238 /// g cm^2 / s 00239 const double plancks_constant_hbar=1.05457159642e-27; 00240 /// cm 00241 const double astronomical_unit=1.49597870691e13; 00242 /// cm 00243 const double light_year=9.46053620707e17; 00244 /// cm 00245 const double parsec=3.08567758135e18; 00246 /// cm / s^2 00247 const double grav_accel=9.80665e2; 00248 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00249 const double electron_volt=1.602176462e-12; 00250 /// g 00251 const double mass_electron=9.10938188e-28; 00252 /// g 00253 const double mass_muon=1.88353109e-25; 00254 /// g 00255 const double mass_proton=1.67262158e-24; 00256 /// g 00257 const double mass_neutron=1.67492716e-24; 00258 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00259 const double rydberg=2.17987190389e-11; 00260 /// g cm^2 / K s^2 00261 const double boltzmann=1.3806503e-16; 00262 /// abamp cm^2 00263 const double bohr_magneton=9.27400899e-21; 00264 /// abamp cm^2 00265 const double nuclear_magneton=5.05078317e-24; 00266 /// abamp cm^2 00267 const double electron_magnetic_moment=9.28476362e-21; 00268 /// abamp cm^2 00269 const double proton_magnetic_moment=1.410606633e-23; 00270 /// g cm^2 / K mol s^2 00271 const double molar_gas=8.314472e7; 00272 /// cm^3 / mol 00273 const double standard_gas_volume=2.2710981e4; 00274 /// s 00275 const double minute=6e1; 00276 /// s 00277 const double hour=3.6e3; 00278 /// s 00279 const double day=8.64e4; 00280 /// s 00281 const double week=6.048e5; 00282 /// cm 00283 const double inch=2.54e0; 00284 /// cm 00285 const double foot=3.048e1; 00286 /// cm 00287 const double yard=9.144e1; 00288 /// cm 00289 const double mile=1.609344e5; 00290 /// cm 00291 const double nautical_mile=1.852e5; 00292 /// cm 00293 const double fathom=1.8288e2; 00294 /// cm 00295 const double mil=2.54e-3; 00296 /// cm 00297 const double point=3.52777777778e-2; 00298 /// cm 00299 const double texpoint=3.51459803515e-2; 00300 /// cm 00301 const double micron=1e-4; 00302 /// cm 00303 const double angstrom=1e-8; 00304 /// cm^2 00305 const double hectare=1e8; 00306 /// cm^2 00307 const double acre=4.04685642241e7; 00308 /// cm^2 00309 const double barn=1e-24; 00310 /// cm^3 00311 const double liter=1e3; 00312 /// cm^3 00313 const double us_gallon=3.78541178402e3; 00314 /// cm^3 00315 const double quart=9.46352946004e2; 00316 /// cm^3 00317 const double pint=4.73176473002e2; 00318 /// cm^3 00319 const double cup=2.36588236501e2; 00320 /// cm^3 00321 const double fluid_ounce=2.95735295626e1; 00322 /// cm^3 00323 const double tablespoon=1.47867647813e1; 00324 /// cm^3 00325 const double teaspoon=4.92892159375e0; 00326 /// cm^3 00327 const double canadian_gallon=4.54609e3; 00328 /// cm^3 00329 const double uk_gallon=4.546092e3; 00330 /// cm / s 00331 const double miles_per_hour=4.4704e1; 00332 /// cm / s 00333 const double kilometers_per_hour=2.77777777778e1; 00334 /// cm / s 00335 const double knot=5.14444444444e1; 00336 /// g 00337 const double pound_mass=4.5359237e2; 00338 /// g 00339 const double ounce_mass=2.8349523125e1; 00340 /// g 00341 const double ton=9.0718474e5; 00342 /// g 00343 const double metric_ton=1e6; 00344 /// g 00345 const double uk_ton=1.0160469088e6; 00346 /// g 00347 const double troy_ounce=3.1103475e1; 00348 /// g 00349 const double carat=2e-1; 00350 /// g 00351 const double unified_atomic_mass=1.66053873e-24; 00352 /// cm g / s^2 00353 const double gram_force=9.80665e2; 00354 /// cm g / s^2 00355 const double pound_force=4.44822161526e5; 00356 /// cm g / s^2 00357 const double kilopound_force=4.44822161526e8; 00358 /// cm g / s^2 00359 const double poundal=1.38255e4; 00360 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00361 const double calorie=4.1868e7; 00362 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00363 const double btu=1.05505585262e10; 00364 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00365 const double therm=1.05506e15; 00366 /// g cm^2 / s^3 00367 const double horsepower=7.457e9; 00368 /// g / cm s^2 00369 const double bar=1e6; 00370 /// g / cm s^2 00371 const double std_atmosphere=1.01325e6; 00372 /// g / cm s^2 00373 const double torr=1.33322368421e3; 00374 /// g / cm s^2 00375 const double meter_of_mercury=1.33322368421e6; 00376 /// g / cm s^2 00377 const double inch_of_mercury=3.38638815789e4; 00378 /// g / cm s^2 00379 const double inch_of_water=2.490889e3; 00380 /// g / cm s^2 00381 const double psi=6.89475729317e4; 00382 /// g / cm s 00383 const double poise=1e0; 00384 /// cm^2 / s 00385 const double stokes=1e0; 00386 /// abamp s / mol 00387 const double faraday=9.64853429775e3; 00388 /// abamp s 00389 const double electron_charge=1.602176462e-20; 00390 /// g / abamp s^2 00391 const double gauss=1e0; 00392 /// cd / cm^2 00393 const double stilb=1e0; 00394 /// cd sr 00395 const double lumen=1e0; 00396 /// cd sr / cm^2 00397 const double lux=1e-4; 00398 /// cd sr / cm^2 00399 const double phot=1e0; 00400 /// cd sr / cm^2 00401 const double footcandle=1.076e-3; 00402 /// cd sr / cm^2 00403 const double lambert=1e0; 00404 /// cd sr / cm^2 00405 const double footlambert=1.07639104e-3; 00406 /// 1 / s 00407 const double curie=3.7e10; 00408 /// abamp s / g 00409 const double roentgen=2.58e-8; 00410 /// cm^2 / s^2 00411 const double rad=1e2; 00412 /// g 00413 const double solar_mass=1.98892e33; 00414 /// cm 00415 const double bohr_radius=5.291772083e-9; 00416 /// cm g / s^2 00417 const double newton=1e5; 00418 /// cm g / s^2 00419 const double dyne=1e0; 00420 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00421 const double joule=1e7; 00422 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00423 const double erg=1e0; 00424 /// g / K^4 s^3 00425 const double stefan_boltzmann_constant=5.67039934436e-5; 00426 /// cm^2 00427 const double thomson_cross_section=6.65245853542e-25; 00428 } 00429 00430 /** 00431 \brief GSL constants in MKS units 00432 00433 The MKS units are given below each constant 00434 */ 00435 namespace gsl_mks { 00436 /// m 00437 const double schwarzchild_radius=2.95325008e3; 00438 /// m / s 00439 const double speed_of_light=2.99792458e8; 00440 /// m^3 / kg s^2 00441 const double gravitational_constant=6.673e-11; 00442 /// kg m^2 / s 00443 const double plancks_constant_h=6.62606876e-34; 00444 /// kg m^2 / s 00445 const double plancks_constant_hbar=1.05457159642e-34; 00446 /// m 00447 const double astronomical_unit=1.49597870691e11; 00448 /// m 00449 const double light_year=9.46053620707e15; 00450 /// m 00451 const double parsec=3.08567758135e16; 00452 /// m / s^2 00453 const double grav_accel=9.80665e0; 00454 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00455 const double electron_volt=1.602176462e-19; 00456 /// kg 00457 const double mass_electron=9.10938188e-31; 00458 /// kg 00459 const double mass_muon=1.88353109e-28; 00460 /// kg 00461 const double mass_proton=1.67262158e-27; 00462 /// kg 00463 const double mass_neutron=1.67492716e-27; 00464 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00465 const double rydberg=2.17987190389e-18; 00466 /// kg m^2 / K s^2 00467 const double boltzmann=1.3806503e-23; 00468 /// A m^2 00469 const double bohr_magneton=9.27400899e-24; 00470 /// A m^2 00471 const double nuclear_magneton=5.05078317e-27; 00472 /// A m^2 00473 const double electron_magnetic_moment=9.28476362e-24; 00474 /// A m^2 00475 const double proton_magnetic_moment=1.410606633e-26; 00476 /// kg m^2 / K mol s^2 00477 const double molar_gas=8.314472e0; 00478 /// m^3 / mol 00479 const double standard_gas_volume=2.2710981e-2; 00480 /// s 00481 const double minute=6e1; 00482 /// s 00483 const double hour=3.6e3; 00484 /// s 00485 const double day=8.64e4; 00486 /// s 00487 const double week=6.048e5; 00488 /// m 00489 const double inch=2.54e-2; 00490 /// m 00491 const double foot=3.048e-1; 00492 /// m 00493 const double yard=9.144e-1; 00494 /// m 00495 const double mile=1.609344e3; 00496 /// m 00497 const double nautical_mile=1.852e3; 00498 /// m 00499 const double fathom=1.8288e0; 00500 /// m 00501 const double mil=2.54e-5; 00502 /// m 00503 const double point=3.52777777778e-4; 00504 /// m 00505 const double texpoint=3.51459803515e-4; 00506 /// m 00507 const double micron=1e-6; 00508 /// m 00509 const double angstrom=1e-10; 00510 /// m^2 00511 const double hectare=1e4; 00512 /// m^2 00513 const double acre=4.04685642241e3; 00514 /// m^2 00515 const double barn=1e-28; 00516 /// m^3 00517 const double liter=1e-3; 00518 /// m^3 00519 const double us_gallon=3.78541178402e-3; 00520 /// m^3 00521 const double quart=9.46352946004e-4; 00522 /// m^3 00523 const double pint=4.73176473002e-4; 00524 /// m^3 00525 const double cup=2.36588236501e-4; 00526 /// m^3 00527 const double fluid_ounce=2.95735295626e-5; 00528 /// m^3 00529 const double tablespoon=1.47867647813e-5; 00530 /// m^3 00531 const double teaspoon=4.92892159375e-6; 00532 /// m^3 00533 const double canadian_gallon=4.54609e-3; 00534 /// m^3 00535 const double uk_gallon=4.546092e-3; 00536 /// m / s 00537 const double miles_per_hour=4.4704e-1; 00538 /// m / s 00539 const double kilometers_per_hour=2.77777777778e-1; 00540 /// m / s 00541 const double knot=5.14444444444e-1; 00542 /// kg 00543 const double pound_mass=4.5359237e-1; 00544 /// kg 00545 const double ounce_mass=2.8349523125e-2; 00546 /// kg 00547 const double ton=9.0718474e2; 00548 /// kg 00549 const double metric_ton=1e3; 00550 /// kg 00551 const double uk_ton=1.0160469088e3; 00552 /// kg 00553 const double troy_ounce=3.1103475e-2; 00554 /// kg 00555 const double carat=2e-4; 00556 /// kg 00557 const double unified_atomic_mass=1.66053873e-27; 00558 /// kg m / s^2 00559 const double gram_force=9.80665e-3; 00560 /// kg m / s^2 00561 const double pound_force=4.44822161526e0; 00562 /// kg m / s^2 00563 const double kilopound_force=4.44822161526e3; 00564 /// kg m / s^2 00565 const double poundal=1.38255e-1; 00566 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00567 const double calorie=4.1868e0; 00568 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00569 const double btu=1.05505585262e3; 00570 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00571 const double therm=1.05506e8; 00572 /// kg m^2 / s^3 00573 const double horsepower=7.457e2; 00574 /// kg / m s^2 00575 const double bar=1e5; 00576 /// kg / m s^2 00577 const double std_atmosphere=1.01325e5; 00578 /// kg / m s^2 00579 const double torr=1.33322368421e2; 00580 /// kg / m s^2 00581 const double meter_of_mercury=1.33322368421e5; 00582 /// kg / m s^2 00583 const double inch_of_mercury=3.38638815789e3; 00584 /// kg / m s^2 00585 const double inch_of_water=2.490889e2; 00586 /// kg / m s^2 00587 const double psi=6.89475729317e3; 00588 /// kg m^-1 s^-1 00589 const double poise=1e-1; 00590 /// m^2 / s 00591 const double stokes=1e-4; 00592 /// A s / mol 00593 const double faraday=9.6485341472e4; 00594 /// A s 00595 const double electron_charge=1.602176462e-19; 00596 /// kg / A s^2 00597 const double gauss=1e-4; 00598 /// cd / m^2 00599 const double stilb=1e4; 00600 /// cd sr 00601 const double lumen=1e0; 00602 /// cd sr / m^2 00603 const double lux=1e0; 00604 /// cd sr / m^2 00605 const double phot=1e4; 00606 /// cd sr / m^2 00607 const double footcandle=1.076e1; 00608 /// cd sr / m^2 00609 const double lambert=1e4; 00610 /// cd sr / m^2 00611 const double footlambert=1.07639104e1; 00612 /// 1 / s 00613 const double curie=3.7e10; 00614 /// A s / kg 00615 const double roentgen=2.58e-4; 00616 /// m^2 / s^2 00617 const double rad=1e-2; 00618 /// kg 00619 const double solar_mass=1.98892e30; 00620 /// m 00621 const double bohr_radius=5.291772083e-11; 00622 /// kg m / s^2 00623 const double newton=1e0; 00624 /// kg m / s^2 00625 const double dyne=1e-5; 00626 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00627 const double joule=1e0; 00628 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00629 const double erg=1e-7; 00630 /// kg / K^4 s^3 00631 const double stefan_boltzmann_constant=5.67039934436e-8; 00632 /// m^2 00633 const double thomson_cross_section=6.65245853542e-29; 00634 /// A^2 s^4 / kg m^3 00635 const double vacuum_permittivity=8.854187817e-12; 00636 /// kg m / A^2 s^2 00637 const double vacuum_permeability=1.25663706144e-6; 00638 } 00639 00640 /** 00641 \brief GSL constants in MKSA units 00642 00643 The MKSA units are given below each constant 00644 */ 00645 namespace gsl_mksa { 00646 /// m 00647 const double schwarzchild_radius=2.95325008e3; 00648 /// m / s 00649 const double speed_of_light=2.99792458e8; 00650 /// m^3 / kg s^2 00651 const double gravitational_constant=6.673e-11; 00652 /// kg m^2 / s 00653 const double plancks_constant_h=6.62606876e-34; 00654 /// kg m^2 / s 00655 const double plancks_constant_hbar=1.05457159642e-34; 00656 /// m 00657 const double astronomical_unit=1.49597870691e11; 00658 /// m 00659 const double light_year=9.46053620707e15; 00660 /// m 00661 const double parsec=3.08567758135e16; 00662 /// m / s^2 00663 const double grav_accel=9.80665e0; 00664 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00665 const double electron_volt=1.602176462e-19; 00666 /// kg 00667 const double mass_electron=9.10938188e-31; 00668 /// kg 00669 const double mass_muon=1.88353109e-28; 00670 /// kg 00671 const double mass_proton=1.67262158e-27; 00672 /// kg 00673 const double mass_neutron=1.67492716e-27; 00674 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00675 const double rydberg=2.17987190389e-18; 00676 /// kg m^2 / K s^2 00677 const double boltzmann=1.3806503e-23; 00678 /// A m^2 00679 const double bohr_magneton=9.27400899e-24; 00680 /// A m^2 00681 const double nuclear_magneton=5.05078317e-27; 00682 /// A m^2 00683 const double electron_magnetic_moment=9.28476362e-24; 00684 /// A m^2 00685 const double proton_magnetic_moment=1.410606633e-26; 00686 /// kg m^2 / K mol s^2 00687 const double molar_gas=8.314472e0; 00688 /// m^3 / mol 00689 const double standard_gas_volume=2.2710981e-2; 00690 /// s 00691 const double minute=6e1; 00692 /// s 00693 const double hour=3.6e3; 00694 /// s 00695 const double day=8.64e4; 00696 /// s 00697 const double week=6.048e5; 00698 /// m 00699 const double inch=2.54e-2; 00700 /// m 00701 const double foot=3.048e-1; 00702 /// m 00703 const double yard=9.144e-1; 00704 /// m 00705 const double mile=1.609344e3; 00706 /// m 00707 const double nautical_mile=1.852e3; 00708 /// m 00709 const double fathom=1.8288e0; 00710 /// m 00711 const double mil=2.54e-5; 00712 /// m 00713 const double point=3.52777777778e-4; 00714 /// m 00715 const double texpoint=3.51459803515e-4; 00716 /// m 00717 const double micron=1e-6; 00718 /// m 00719 const double angstrom=1e-10; 00720 /// m^2 00721 const double hectare=1e4; 00722 /// m^2 00723 const double acre=4.04685642241e3; 00724 /// m^2 00725 const double barn=1e-28; 00726 /// m^3 00727 const double liter=1e-3; 00728 /// m^3 00729 const double us_gallon=3.78541178402e-3; 00730 /// m^3 00731 const double quart=9.46352946004e-4; 00732 /// m^3 00733 const double pint=4.73176473002e-4; 00734 /// m^3 00735 const double cup=2.36588236501e-4; 00736 /// m^3 00737 const double fluid_ounce=2.95735295626e-5; 00738 /// m^3 00739 const double tablespoon=1.47867647813e-5; 00740 /// m^3 00741 const double teaspoon=4.92892159375e-6; 00742 /// m^3 00743 const double canadian_gallon=4.54609e-3; 00744 /// m^3 00745 const double uk_gallon=4.546092e-3; 00746 /// m / s 00747 const double miles_per_hour=4.4704e-1; 00748 /// m / s 00749 const double kilometers_per_hour=2.77777777778e-1; 00750 /// m / s 00751 const double knot=5.14444444444e-1; 00752 /// kg 00753 const double pound_mass=4.5359237e-1; 00754 /// kg 00755 const double ounce_mass=2.8349523125e-2; 00756 /// kg 00757 const double ton=9.0718474e2; 00758 /// kg 00759 const double metric_ton=1e3; 00760 /// kg 00761 const double uk_ton=1.0160469088e3; 00762 /// kg 00763 const double troy_ounce=3.1103475e-2; 00764 /// kg 00765 const double carat=2e-4; 00766 /// kg 00767 const double unified_atomic_mass=1.66053873e-27; 00768 /// kg m / s^2 00769 const double gram_force=9.80665e-3; 00770 /// kg m / s^2 00771 const double pound_force=4.44822161526e0; 00772 /// kg m / s^2 00773 const double kilopound_force=4.44822161526e3; 00774 /// kg m / s^2 00775 const double poundal=1.38255e-1; 00776 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00777 const double calorie=4.1868e0; 00778 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00779 const double btu=1.05505585262e3; 00780 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00781 const double therm=1.05506e8; 00782 /// kg m^2 / s^3 00783 const double horsepower=7.457e2; 00784 /// kg / m s^2 00785 const double bar=1e5; 00786 /// kg / m s^2 00787 const double std_atmosphere=1.01325e5; 00788 /// kg / m s^2 00789 const double torr=1.33322368421e2; 00790 /// kg / m s^2 00791 const double meter_of_mercury=1.33322368421e5; 00792 /// kg / m s^2 00793 const double inch_of_mercury=3.38638815789e3; 00794 /// kg / m s^2 00795 const double inch_of_water=2.490889e2; 00796 /// kg / m s^2 00797 const double psi=6.89475729317e3; 00798 /// kg m^-1 s^-1 00799 const double poise=1e-1; 00800 /// m^2 / s 00801 const double stokes=1e-4; 00802 /// A s / mol 00803 const double faraday=9.6485341472e4; 00804 /// A s 00805 const double electron_charge=1.602176462e-19; 00806 /// kg / A s^2 00807 const double gauss=1e-4; 00808 /// cd / m^2 00809 const double stilb=1e4; 00810 /// cd sr 00811 const double lumen=1e0; 00812 /// cd sr / m^2 00813 const double lux=1e0; 00814 /// cd sr / m^2 00815 const double phot=1e4; 00816 /// cd sr / m^2 00817 const double footcandle=1.076e1; 00818 /// cd sr / m^2 00819 const double lambert=1e4; 00820 /// cd sr / m^2 00821 const double footlambert=1.07639104e1; 00822 /// 1 / s 00823 const double curie=3.7e10; 00824 /// A s / kg 00825 const double roentgen=2.58e-4; 00826 /// m^2 / s^2 00827 const double rad=1e-2; 00828 /// kg 00829 const double solar_mass=1.98892e30; 00830 /// m 00831 const double bohr_radius=5.291772083e-11; 00832 /// kg m / s^2 00833 const double newton=1e0; 00834 /// kg m / s^2 00835 const double dyne=1e-5; 00836 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00837 const double joule=1e0; 00838 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00839 const double erg=1e-7; 00840 /// kg / K^4 s^3 00841 const double stefan_boltzmann_constant=5.67039934436e-8; 00842 /// m^2 00843 const double thomson_cross_section=6.65245853542e-29; 00844 /// A^2 s^4 / kg m^3 00845 const double vacuum_permittivity=8.854187817e-12; 00846 /// kg m / A^2 s^2 00847 const double vacuum_permeability=1.25663706144e-6; 00848 } 00849 00850 /** 00851 \brief GSL numerical constants 00852 00853 */ 00854 namespace gsl_num { 00855 const double yotta=1e24; 00856 const double zetta=1e21; 00857 const double exa=1e18; 00858 const double peta=1e15; 00859 const double tera=1e12; 00860 const double giga=1e9; 00861 const double mega=1e6; 00862 const double kilo=1e3; 00863 const double milli=1e-3; 00864 const double micro=1e-6; 00865 const double nano=1e-9; 00866 const double pico=1e-12; 00867 const double femto=1e-15; 00868 const double atto=1e-18; 00869 const double zepto=1e-21; 00870 const double yocto=1e-24; 00871 00872 /** 00873 \brief Fine structure constant (updated from 00874 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants) 00875 */ 00876 const double fine_structure=7.2973525376e-3; 00877 /** 00878 \brief Avogadro's number (updated from 00879 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants) 00880 */ 00881 const double avogadro=6.02214179e23; 00882 } 00883 00884 /** 00885 00886 \brief O2scl constants 00887 00888 00889 */ 00890 namespace o2scl_const { 00891 /// \f$ \pi \f$ 00892 const double pi=acos(-1.0); 00893 /// \f$ \pi^2 \f$ 00894 const double pi2=pi*pi; 00895 /// \f$ \zeta(3/2) \f$ 00896 const double zeta32=2.6123753486854883433; 00897 /// \f$ \zeta(2) \f$ 00898 const double zeta2=1.6449340668482264365; 00899 /// \f$ \zeta(5/2) \f$ 00900 const double zeta52=1.3414872572509171798; 00901 /// \f$ \zeta(3) \f$ 00902 const double zeta3=1.2020569031595942854; 00903 /// \f$ \zeta(5) \f$ 00904 const double zeta5=1.0369277551433699263; 00905 /// \f$ \zeta(7) \f$ 00906 00907 const double zeta7=1.0083492773819228268; 00908 00909 /** \name Particle Physics Booklet 00910 00911 (see also D.E. Groom, et. al., Euro. Phys. J. C 15 (2000) 1.) 00912 */ 00913 //@{ 00914 /// \f$ \sin^2 \theta_W \f$ 00915 const double sin2_theta_weak=0.2224; 00916 /// 1 MeV in kg 00917 const double mev_kg=1.782661731e-30; 00918 /// 1 eV in \f$ kg \cdot m^2 /s^2 \f$ (Joules) 00919 const double ev_mks=1.602176462e-19; 00920 /// 1 MeV in \f$ g \cdot cm^2 / s^2 \f$ (ergs) 00921 const double mev_cgs=1.60217733e-6; 00922 /// 1 MeV in Kelvin 00923 const double boltzmann_mev_K=8.617342e-11; 00924 //@} 00925 00926 /** \name From http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants */ 00927 //@{ 00928 /// \f$ \hbar c \f$ in MeV fm 00929 const double hc_mev_fm=197.3269631; 00930 /// Fermi coupling constant (\f$ G_F \f$) in \f$ GeV^{-2} \f$ 00931 const double gfermi_gev=1.16637e-5; 00932 /// \f$ \hbar c \f$ in MeV cm 00933 const double hc_mev_cm=1.973269631e-11; 00934 //@} 00935 00936 /** \name Squared electron charge 00937 */ 00938 //@{ 00939 /** 00940 \brief Electron charge squared in Gaussian units 00941 00942 In Gaussian Units: 00943 \f{eqnarray*} 00944 &\vec{\nabla} \cdot \vec{E} = 4 \pi \rho \, , 00945 \quad 00946 \vec{E}=-\vec{\nabla} \Phi \, , 00947 \quad 00948 \nabla^2 \Phi = - 4 \pi \rho \, , 00949 &\\& 00950 F=\frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2} \, , 00951 \quad 00952 W=\frac{1}{2} \int \rho V d^3 x 00953 =\frac{1}{8 \pi} \int | \vec{E} |^2 d^3 x \, , 00954 \quad 00955 \alpha=\frac{e^2}{\hbar c}=\frac{1}{137}& 00956 \f} 00957 */ 00958 const double e2_gaussian=o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm*gsl_num::fine_structure; 00959 /** \brief Electron charge sqaured in 00960 Heaviside-Lorentz units where \f$\hbar=c=1\f$. 00961 00962 In Heaviside-Lorentz units: 00963 \f{eqnarray*} 00964 &\vec{\nabla} \cdot \vec{E} = \rho \, , 00965 \quad 00966 \vec{E}=-\vec{\nabla} \Phi \, , 00967 \quad 00968 \nabla^2 \Phi = - \rho \, , 00969 &\\& 00970 F=\frac{q_1 q_2}{4 \pi r^2} \, , 00971 \quad 00972 W=\frac{1}{2} \int \rho V d^3 x 00973 =\frac{1}{2} \int | \vec{E} |^2 d^3 x \, , 00974 \quad 00975 \alpha=\frac{e^2}{4 \pi}=\frac{1}{137}& 00976 \f} 00977 */ 00978 const double e2_hlorentz=gsl_num::fine_structure*4.0*pi; 00979 /** 00980 \brief Electron charge squared in SI(MKSA) units 00981 00982 In MKSA units: 00983 \f{eqnarray*} 00984 &\vec{\nabla} \cdot \vec{E} = \rho \, , 00985 \quad 00986 \vec{E}=-\vec{\nabla} \Phi \, , 00987 \quad 00988 \nabla^2 \Phi = - \rho \, , 00989 &\\& 00990 F=\frac{1}{4 \pi \varepsilon_0}\frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2} \, , 00991 \quad 00992 W=\frac{1}{2} \int \rho V d^3 x 00993 =\frac{\varepsilon_0}{2} \int | \vec{E} |^2 d^3 x \, , 00994 \quad 00995 \alpha=\frac{e^2}{4 \pi \varepsilon_0 \hbar c}=\frac{1}{137}& 00996 \f} 00997 00998 Note the conversion formulas 00999 \f[ 01000 q_HL=\sqrt{4 \pi} q_G = \frac{1}{\sqrt{\varepsilon_0}} q_{SI} 01001 \f] 01002 as mentioned in pg. 13 of D. Griffiths Intro to Elem. Particles. 01003 */ 01004 const double e2_mksa=gsl_mksa::electron_charge; 01005 //@} 01006 01007 } 01008 01009 /** 01010 \brief Constants in units of fm 01011 01012 In nuclear physics is frequently convenient to work in units of 01013 \f$\mathrm{fm}\f$ with \f$\hbar=c=k_B=1\f$. Several useful 01014 constants are given here. 01015 01016 For example, \ref mev gives 1 \f$\mathrm{MeV}\f$ in units of 01017 \f$\mathrm{fm}^{-1}\f$ (the solution to the equation \f$ 1 01018 \mathrm{MeV} = x~\mathrm{fm}^{-1}\f$). If you have a number in 01019 \f$\mathrm{MeV}\f$, you can multiply by \ref mev to get a number 01020 in units of \f$\mathrm{fm}^{-1}\f$. Alternatively, \ref mev is a 01021 number with units \f$\mathrm{MeV}^{-1}\cdot\mathrm{fm}^{-1}\f$. 01022 These can be combined, so that \ref erg divided by \ref sec is 01023 1 \f$\mathrm{erg/sec}\f$ in units of \f$\mathrm{fm}^{-2}\f$. 01024 01025 */ 01026 namespace o2scl_fm { 01027 /** \name Masses from Particle Physics Booklet 01028 01029 (see also D.E. Groom, et. al., Euro. Phys. J. C 15 (2000) 1.) 01030 */ 01031 //@{ 01032 /// Electron mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01033 const double mass_electron=0.510998902/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01034 /// Muon mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01035 const double mass_muon=105.658357/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01036 /// Atomic mass unit in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01037 const double mass_amu=931.494013/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01038 /// Neutron mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01039 const double mass_neutron=939.565/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01040 /// Proton mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01041 const double mass_proton=938.272/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01042 /// \f$\Lambda\f$ mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01043 const double mass_lambda=1115.683/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01044 /// \f$\Sigma^{-}\f$ mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01045 const double mass_sigmam=1197.45/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01046 /// \f$\Sigma^{0}\f$ mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01047 const double mass_sigma=1192.642/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01048 /// \f$\Sigma^{+}\f$ mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01049 const double mass_sigmap=1189.37/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01050 /// \f$\Xi^{-}\f$ mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01051 const double mass_cascadem=1321.3/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01052 /// \f$\Xi^{0}\f$ mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01053 const double mass_cascade=1314.8/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01054 /// \f$\omega\f$ mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01055 const double mass_omega=782.57/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01056 /// \f$\rho\f$ mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01057 const double mass_rho=769.3/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01058 //@} 01059 01060 /** \name www.nist.gov 01061 */ 01062 //@{ 01063 /** 01064 \brief Alpha particle mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01065 01066 This does not include the mass of the additional two electrons 01067 which are present in a helium atom. 01068 */ 01069 const double mass_alpha=3727.37905/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01070 //@} 01071 01072 /// 1 \f$\mathrm{MeV}\f$ in \f$\mathrm{fm}^{-1}\f$ 01073 const double mev=1.0/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01074 01075 /// 1 \f$\mathrm{kg}\f$ in \f$\mathrm{fm}^{-1}\f$ 01076 const double kg=mev/1.782661731e-30; 01077 01078 /// 1 \f$M_{\odot}/km^{3}\f$ in \f$\mathrm{fm}^{-4}\f$ 01079 const double msun_per_km3=gsl_mks::solar_mass/1.0e54*kg; 01080 01081 /// 1 \f$\mathrm{Kelvin}\f$ in \f$\mathrm{fm}^{-1}\f$ 01082 const double Kelvin=8.617342e-11*mev; 01083 01084 /// 1 \f$\mathrm{Joule}\f$ in \f$\mathrm{fm}^{-1}\f$ 01085 const double joule=kg/gsl_mks::speed_of_light/gsl_mks::speed_of_light; 01086 01087 /// 1 \f$\mathrm{erg}\f$ in \f$\mathrm{fm}^{-1}\f$ 01088 const double erg=kg/1.0e3/gsl_cgs::speed_of_light/gsl_cgs::speed_of_light; 01089 01090 /// 1 \f$\mathrm{second}\f$ in \f$\mathrm{fm}\f$ 01091 const double sec=gsl_mks::speed_of_light*1.0e15; 01092 01093 } 01094 01095 01096 #endif
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