00001 /* 00002 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 00003 00004 Copyright (C) 2006, 2007, Andrew W. Steiner 00005 00006 This file is part of O2scl. 00007 00008 O2scl is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify 00009 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 00010 the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or 00011 (at your option) any later version. 00012 00013 O2scl is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 00014 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 00015 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 00016 GNU General Public License for more details. 00017 00018 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 00019 along with O2scl. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. 00020 00021 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 00022 */ 00023 #ifndef O2SCL_CONSTANTS_H 00024 #define O2SCL_CONSTANTS_H 00025 00026 #include <cmath> 00027 00028 /** 00029 \brief GSL constants in CGS units 00030 00031 The CGS units are given below each constant 00032 */ 00033 namespace gsl_cgs { 00034 /// cm 00035 const double schwarzchild_radius=2.95325008e5; 00036 /// cm / s 00037 const double speed_of_light=2.99792458e10; 00038 /// cm^3 / g s^2 00039 const double gravitational_constant=6.673e-8; 00040 /// g cm^2 / s 00041 const double plancks_constant_h=6.62606876e-27; 00042 /// g cm^2 / s 00043 const double plancks_constant_hbar=1.05457159642e-27; 00044 /// cm 00045 const double astronomical_unit=1.49597870691e13; 00046 /// cm 00047 const double light_year=9.46053620707e17; 00048 /// cm 00049 const double parsec=3.08567758135e18; 00050 /// cm / s^2 00051 const double grav_accel=9.80665e2; 00052 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00053 const double electron_volt=1.602176462e-12; 00054 /// g 00055 const double mass_electron=9.10938188e-28; 00056 /// g 00057 const double mass_muon=1.88353109e-25; 00058 /// g 00059 const double mass_proton=1.67262158e-24; 00060 /// g 00061 const double mass_neutron=1.67492716e-24; 00062 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00063 const double rydberg=2.17987190389e-11; 00064 /// g cm^2 / K s^2 00065 const double boltzmann=1.3806503e-16; 00066 /// A cm^2 00067 const double bohr_magneton=9.27400899e-20; 00068 /// A cm^2 00069 const double nuclear_magneton=5.05078317e-23; 00070 /// A cm^2 00071 const double electron_magnetic_moment=9.28476362e-20; 00072 /// A cm^2 00073 const double proton_magnetic_moment=1.410606633e-22; 00074 /// g cm^2 / K mol s^2 00075 const double molar_gas=8.314472e7; 00076 /// cm^3 / mol 00077 const double standard_gas_volume=2.2710981e4; 00078 /// s 00079 const double minute=6e1; 00080 /// s 00081 const double hour=3.6e3; 00082 /// s 00083 const double day=8.64e4; 00084 /// s 00085 const double week=6.048e5; 00086 /// cm 00087 const double inch=2.54e0; 00088 /// cm 00089 const double foot=3.048e1; 00090 /// cm 00091 const double yard=9.144e1; 00092 /// cm 00093 const double mile=1.609344e5; 00094 /// cm 00095 const double nautical_mile=1.852e5; 00096 /// cm 00097 const double fathom=1.8288e2; 00098 /// cm 00099 const double mil=2.54e-3; 00100 /// cm 00101 const double point=3.52777777778e-2; 00102 /// cm 00103 const double texpoint=3.51459803515e-2; 00104 /// cm 00105 const double micron=1e-4; 00106 /// cm 00107 const double angstrom=1e-8; 00108 /// cm^2 00109 const double hectare=1e8; 00110 /// cm^2 00111 const double acre=4.04685642241e7; 00112 /// cm^2 00113 const double barn=1e-24; 00114 /// cm^3 00115 const double liter=1e3; 00116 /// cm^3 00117 const double us_gallon=3.78541178402e3; 00118 /// cm^3 00119 const double quart=9.46352946004e2; 00120 /// cm^3 00121 const double pint=4.73176473002e2; 00122 /// cm^3 00123 const double cup=2.36588236501e2; 00124 /// cm^3 00125 const double fluid_ounce=2.95735295626e1; 00126 /// cm^3 00127 const double tablespoon=1.47867647813e1; 00128 /// cm^3 00129 const double teaspoon=4.92892159375e0; 00130 /// cm^3 00131 const double canadian_gallon=4.54609e3; 00132 /// cm^3 00133 const double uk_gallon=4.546092e3; 00134 /// cm / s 00135 const double miles_per_hour=4.4704e1; 00136 /// cm / s 00137 const double kilometers_per_hour=2.77777777778e1; 00138 /// cm / s 00139 const double knot=5.14444444444e1; 00140 /// g 00141 const double pound_mass=4.5359237e2; 00142 /// g 00143 const double ounce_mass=2.8349523125e1; 00144 /// g 00145 const double ton=9.0718474e5; 00146 /// g 00147 const double metric_ton=1e6; 00148 /// g 00149 const double uk_ton=1.0160469088e6; 00150 /// g 00151 const double troy_ounce=3.1103475e1; 00152 /// g 00153 const double carat=2e-1; 00154 /// g 00155 const double unified_atomic_mass=1.66053873e-24; 00156 /// cm g / s^2 00157 const double gram_force=9.80665e2; 00158 /// cm g / s^2 00159 const double pound_force=4.44822161526e5; 00160 /// cm g / s^2 00161 const double kilopound_force=4.44822161526e8; 00162 /// cm g / s^2 00163 const double poundal=1.38255e4; 00164 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00165 const double calorie=4.1868e7; 00166 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00167 const double btu=1.05505585262e10; 00168 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00169 const double therm=1.05506e15; 00170 /// g cm^2 / s^3 00171 const double horsepower=7.457e9; 00172 /// g / cm s^2 00173 const double bar=1e6; 00174 /// g / cm s^2 00175 const double std_atmosphere=1.01325e6; 00176 /// g / cm s^2 00177 const double torr=1.33322368421e3; 00178 /// g / cm s^2 00179 const double meter_of_mercury=1.33322368421e6; 00180 /// g / cm s^2 00181 const double inch_of_mercury=3.38638815789e4; 00182 /// g / cm s^2 00183 const double inch_of_water=2.490889e3; 00184 /// g / cm s^2 00185 const double psi=6.89475729317e4; 00186 /// g / cm s 00187 const double poise=1e0; 00188 /// cm^2 / s 00189 const double stokes=1e0; 00190 /// A s / mol 00191 const double faraday=9.6485341472e4; 00192 /// A s 00193 const double electron_charge=1.602176462e-19; 00194 /// g / A s^2 00195 const double gauss=1e-1; 00196 /// cd / cm^2 00197 const double stilb=1e0; 00198 /// cd sr 00199 const double lumen=1e0; 00200 /// cd sr / cm^2 00201 const double lux=1e-4; 00202 /// cd sr / cm^2 00203 const double phot=1e0; 00204 /// cd sr / cm^2 00205 const double footcandle=1.076e-3; 00206 /// cd sr / cm^2 00207 const double lambert=1e0; 00208 /// cd sr / cm^2 00209 const double footlambert=1.07639104e-3; 00210 /// 1 / s 00211 const double curie=3.7e10; 00212 /// A s / g 00213 const double roentgen=2.58e-7; 00214 /// cm^2 / s^2 00215 const double rad=1e2; 00216 /// g 00217 const double solar_mass=1.98892e33; 00218 /// cm 00219 const double bohr_radius=5.291772083e-9; 00220 /// cm g / s^2 00221 const double newton=1e5; 00222 /// cm g / s^2 00223 const double dyne=1e0; 00224 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00225 const double joule=1e7; 00226 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00227 const double erg=1e0; 00228 /// g / K^4 s^3 00229 const double stefan_boltzmann_constant=5.67039934436e-5; 00230 /// cm^2 00231 const double thomson_cross_section=6.65245853542e-25; 00232 } 00233 00234 /** 00235 \brief GSL constants in CGSM units 00236 00237 The CGSM units are given below each constant 00238 */ 00239 namespace gsl_cgsm { 00240 /// cm 00241 const double schwarzchild_radius=2.95325008e5; 00242 /// cm / s 00243 const double speed_of_light=2.99792458e10; 00244 /// cm^3 / g s^2 00245 const double gravitational_constant=6.673e-8; 00246 /// g cm^2 / s 00247 const double plancks_constant_h=6.62606876e-27; 00248 /// g cm^2 / s 00249 const double plancks_constant_hbar=1.05457159642e-27; 00250 /// cm 00251 const double astronomical_unit=1.49597870691e13; 00252 /// cm 00253 const double light_year=9.46053620707e17; 00254 /// cm 00255 const double parsec=3.08567758135e18; 00256 /// cm / s^2 00257 const double grav_accel=9.80665e2; 00258 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00259 const double electron_volt=1.602176462e-12; 00260 /// g 00261 const double mass_electron=9.10938188e-28; 00262 /// g 00263 const double mass_muon=1.88353109e-25; 00264 /// g 00265 const double mass_proton=1.67262158e-24; 00266 /// g 00267 const double mass_neutron=1.67492716e-24; 00268 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00269 const double rydberg=2.17987190389e-11; 00270 /// g cm^2 / K s^2 00271 const double boltzmann=1.3806503e-16; 00272 /// abamp cm^2 00273 const double bohr_magneton=9.27400899e-21; 00274 /// abamp cm^2 00275 const double nuclear_magneton=5.05078317e-24; 00276 /// abamp cm^2 00277 const double electron_magnetic_moment=9.28476362e-21; 00278 /// abamp cm^2 00279 const double proton_magnetic_moment=1.410606633e-23; 00280 /// g cm^2 / K mol s^2 00281 const double molar_gas=8.314472e7; 00282 /// cm^3 / mol 00283 const double standard_gas_volume=2.2710981e4; 00284 /// s 00285 const double minute=6e1; 00286 /// s 00287 const double hour=3.6e3; 00288 /// s 00289 const double day=8.64e4; 00290 /// s 00291 const double week=6.048e5; 00292 /// cm 00293 const double inch=2.54e0; 00294 /// cm 00295 const double foot=3.048e1; 00296 /// cm 00297 const double yard=9.144e1; 00298 /// cm 00299 const double mile=1.609344e5; 00300 /// cm 00301 const double nautical_mile=1.852e5; 00302 /// cm 00303 const double fathom=1.8288e2; 00304 /// cm 00305 const double mil=2.54e-3; 00306 /// cm 00307 const double point=3.52777777778e-2; 00308 /// cm 00309 const double texpoint=3.51459803515e-2; 00310 /// cm 00311 const double micron=1e-4; 00312 /// cm 00313 const double angstrom=1e-8; 00314 /// cm^2 00315 const double hectare=1e8; 00316 /// cm^2 00317 const double acre=4.04685642241e7; 00318 /// cm^2 00319 const double barn=1e-24; 00320 /// cm^3 00321 const double liter=1e3; 00322 /// cm^3 00323 const double us_gallon=3.78541178402e3; 00324 /// cm^3 00325 const double quart=9.46352946004e2; 00326 /// cm^3 00327 const double pint=4.73176473002e2; 00328 /// cm^3 00329 const double cup=2.36588236501e2; 00330 /// cm^3 00331 const double fluid_ounce=2.95735295626e1; 00332 /// cm^3 00333 const double tablespoon=1.47867647813e1; 00334 /// cm^3 00335 const double teaspoon=4.92892159375e0; 00336 /// cm^3 00337 const double canadian_gallon=4.54609e3; 00338 /// cm^3 00339 const double uk_gallon=4.546092e3; 00340 /// cm / s 00341 const double miles_per_hour=4.4704e1; 00342 /// cm / s 00343 const double kilometers_per_hour=2.77777777778e1; 00344 /// cm / s 00345 const double knot=5.14444444444e1; 00346 /// g 00347 const double pound_mass=4.5359237e2; 00348 /// g 00349 const double ounce_mass=2.8349523125e1; 00350 /// g 00351 const double ton=9.0718474e5; 00352 /// g 00353 const double metric_ton=1e6; 00354 /// g 00355 const double uk_ton=1.0160469088e6; 00356 /// g 00357 const double troy_ounce=3.1103475e1; 00358 /// g 00359 const double carat=2e-1; 00360 /// g 00361 const double unified_atomic_mass=1.66053873e-24; 00362 /// cm g / s^2 00363 const double gram_force=9.80665e2; 00364 /// cm g / s^2 00365 const double pound_force=4.44822161526e5; 00366 /// cm g / s^2 00367 const double kilopound_force=4.44822161526e8; 00368 /// cm g / s^2 00369 const double poundal=1.38255e4; 00370 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00371 const double calorie=4.1868e7; 00372 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00373 const double btu=1.05505585262e10; 00374 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00375 const double therm=1.05506e15; 00376 /// g cm^2 / s^3 00377 const double horsepower=7.457e9; 00378 /// g / cm s^2 00379 const double bar=1e6; 00380 /// g / cm s^2 00381 const double std_atmosphere=1.01325e6; 00382 /// g / cm s^2 00383 const double torr=1.33322368421e3; 00384 /// g / cm s^2 00385 const double meter_of_mercury=1.33322368421e6; 00386 /// g / cm s^2 00387 const double inch_of_mercury=3.38638815789e4; 00388 /// g / cm s^2 00389 const double inch_of_water=2.490889e3; 00390 /// g / cm s^2 00391 const double psi=6.89475729317e4; 00392 /// g / cm s 00393 const double poise=1e0; 00394 /// cm^2 / s 00395 const double stokes=1e0; 00396 /// abamp s / mol 00397 const double faraday=9.6485341472e3; 00398 /// abamp s 00399 const double electron_charge=1.602176462e-20; 00400 /// g / abamp s^2 00401 const double gauss=1e0; 00402 /// cd / cm^2 00403 const double stilb=1e0; 00404 /// cd sr 00405 const double lumen=1e0; 00406 /// cd sr / cm^2 00407 const double lux=1e-4; 00408 /// cd sr / cm^2 00409 const double phot=1e0; 00410 /// cd sr / cm^2 00411 const double footcandle=1.076e-3; 00412 /// cd sr / cm^2 00413 const double lambert=1e0; 00414 /// cd sr / cm^2 00415 const double footlambert=1.07639104e-3; 00416 /// 1 / s 00417 const double curie=3.7e10; 00418 /// abamp s / g 00419 const double roentgen=2.58e-8; 00420 /// cm^2 / s^2 00421 const double rad=1e2; 00422 /// g 00423 const double solar_mass=1.98892e33; 00424 /// cm 00425 const double bohr_radius=5.291772083e-9; 00426 /// cm g / s^2 00427 const double newton=1e5; 00428 /// cm g / s^2 00429 const double dyne=1e0; 00430 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00431 const double joule=1e7; 00432 /// g cm^2 / s^2 00433 const double erg=1e0; 00434 /// g / K^4 s^3 00435 const double stefan_boltzmann_constant=5.67039934436e-5; 00436 /// cm^2 00437 const double thomson_cross_section=6.65245853542e-25; 00438 } 00439 00440 /** 00441 \brief GSL constants in MKS units 00442 00443 The MKS units are given below each constant 00444 */ 00445 namespace gsl_mks { 00446 /// m 00447 const double schwarzchild_radius=2.95325008e3; 00448 /// m / s 00449 const double speed_of_light=2.99792458e8; 00450 /// m^3 / kg s^2 00451 const double gravitational_constant=6.673e-11; 00452 /// kg m^2 / s 00453 const double plancks_constant_h=6.62606876e-34; 00454 /// kg m^2 / s 00455 const double plancks_constant_hbar=1.05457159642e-34; 00456 /// m 00457 const double astronomical_unit=1.49597870691e11; 00458 /// m 00459 const double light_year=9.46053620707e15; 00460 /// m 00461 const double parsec=3.08567758135e16; 00462 /// m / s^2 00463 const double grav_accel=9.80665e0; 00464 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00465 const double electron_volt=1.602176462e-19; 00466 /// kg 00467 const double mass_electron=9.10938188e-31; 00468 /// kg 00469 const double mass_muon=1.88353109e-28; 00470 /// kg 00471 const double mass_proton=1.67262158e-27; 00472 /// kg 00473 const double mass_neutron=1.67492716e-27; 00474 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00475 const double rydberg=2.17987190389e-18; 00476 /// kg m^2 / K s^2 00477 const double boltzmann=1.3806503e-23; 00478 /// A m^2 00479 const double bohr_magneton=9.27400899e-24; 00480 /// A m^2 00481 const double nuclear_magneton=5.05078317e-27; 00482 /// A m^2 00483 const double electron_magnetic_moment=9.28476362e-24; 00484 /// A m^2 00485 const double proton_magnetic_moment=1.410606633e-26; 00486 /// kg m^2 / K mol s^2 00487 const double molar_gas=8.314472e0; 00488 /// m^3 / mol 00489 const double standard_gas_volume=2.2710981e-2; 00490 /// s 00491 const double minute=6e1; 00492 /// s 00493 const double hour=3.6e3; 00494 /// s 00495 const double day=8.64e4; 00496 /// s 00497 const double week=6.048e5; 00498 /// m 00499 const double inch=2.54e-2; 00500 /// m 00501 const double foot=3.048e-1; 00502 /// m 00503 const double yard=9.144e-1; 00504 /// m 00505 const double mile=1.609344e3; 00506 /// m 00507 const double nautical_mile=1.852e3; 00508 /// m 00509 const double fathom=1.8288e0; 00510 /// m 00511 const double mil=2.54e-5; 00512 /// m 00513 const double point=3.52777777778e-4; 00514 /// m 00515 const double texpoint=3.51459803515e-4; 00516 /// m 00517 const double micron=1e-6; 00518 /// m 00519 const double angstrom=1e-10; 00520 /// m^2 00521 const double hectare=1e4; 00522 /// m^2 00523 const double acre=4.04685642241e3; 00524 /// m^2 00525 const double barn=1e-28; 00526 /// m^3 00527 const double liter=1e-3; 00528 /// m^3 00529 const double us_gallon=3.78541178402e-3; 00530 /// m^3 00531 const double quart=9.46352946004e-4; 00532 /// m^3 00533 const double pint=4.73176473002e-4; 00534 /// m^3 00535 const double cup=2.36588236501e-4; 00536 /// m^3 00537 const double fluid_ounce=2.95735295626e-5; 00538 /// m^3 00539 const double tablespoon=1.47867647813e-5; 00540 /// m^3 00541 const double teaspoon=4.92892159375e-6; 00542 /// m^3 00543 const double canadian_gallon=4.54609e-3; 00544 /// m^3 00545 const double uk_gallon=4.546092e-3; 00546 /// m / s 00547 const double miles_per_hour=4.4704e-1; 00548 /// m / s 00549 const double kilometers_per_hour=2.77777777778e-1; 00550 /// m / s 00551 const double knot=5.14444444444e-1; 00552 /// kg 00553 const double pound_mass=4.5359237e-1; 00554 /// kg 00555 const double ounce_mass=2.8349523125e-2; 00556 /// kg 00557 const double ton=9.0718474e2; 00558 /// kg 00559 const double metric_ton=1e3; 00560 /// kg 00561 const double uk_ton=1.0160469088e3; 00562 /// kg 00563 const double troy_ounce=3.1103475e-2; 00564 /// kg 00565 const double carat=2e-4; 00566 /// kg 00567 const double unified_atomic_mass=1.66053873e-27; 00568 /// kg m / s^2 00569 const double gram_force=9.80665e-3; 00570 /// kg m / s^2 00571 const double pound_force=4.44822161526e0; 00572 /// kg m / s^2 00573 const double kilopound_force=4.44822161526e3; 00574 /// kg m / s^2 00575 const double poundal=1.38255e-1; 00576 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00577 const double calorie=4.1868e0; 00578 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00579 const double btu=1.05505585262e3; 00580 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00581 const double therm=1.05506e8; 00582 /// kg m^2 / s^3 00583 const double horsepower=7.457e2; 00584 /// kg / m s^2 00585 const double bar=1e5; 00586 /// kg / m s^2 00587 const double std_atmosphere=1.01325e5; 00588 /// kg / m s^2 00589 const double torr=1.33322368421e2; 00590 /// kg / m s^2 00591 const double meter_of_mercury=1.33322368421e5; 00592 /// kg / m s^2 00593 const double inch_of_mercury=3.38638815789e3; 00594 /// kg / m s^2 00595 const double inch_of_water=2.490889e2; 00596 /// kg / m s^2 00597 const double psi=6.89475729317e3; 00598 /// kg m^-1 s^-1 00599 const double poise=1e-1; 00600 /// m^2 / s 00601 const double stokes=1e-4; 00602 /// A s / mol 00603 const double faraday=9.6485341472e4; 00604 /// A s 00605 const double electron_charge=1.602176462e-19; 00606 /// kg / A s^2 00607 const double gauss=1e-4; 00608 /// cd / m^2 00609 const double stilb=1e4; 00610 /// cd sr 00611 const double lumen=1e0; 00612 /// cd sr / m^2 00613 const double lux=1e0; 00614 /// cd sr / m^2 00615 const double phot=1e4; 00616 /// cd sr / m^2 00617 const double footcandle=1.076e1; 00618 /// cd sr / m^2 00619 const double lambert=1e4; 00620 /// cd sr / m^2 00621 const double footlambert=1.07639104e1; 00622 /// 1 / s 00623 const double curie=3.7e10; 00624 /// A s / kg 00625 const double roentgen=2.58e-4; 00626 /// m^2 / s^2 00627 const double rad=1e-2; 00628 /// kg 00629 const double solar_mass=1.98892e30; 00630 /// m 00631 const double bohr_radius=5.291772083e-11; 00632 /// kg m / s^2 00633 const double newton=1e0; 00634 /// kg m / s^2 00635 const double dyne=1e-5; 00636 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00637 const double joule=1e0; 00638 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00639 const double erg=1e-7; 00640 /// kg / K^4 s^3 00641 const double stefan_boltzmann_constant=5.67039934436e-8; 00642 /// m^2 00643 const double thomson_cross_section=6.65245853542e-29; 00644 /// A^2 s^4 / kg m^3 00645 const double vacuum_permittivity=8.854187817e-12; 00646 /// kg m / A^2 s^2 00647 const double vacuum_permeability=1.25663706144e-6; 00648 } 00649 00650 /** 00651 \brief GSL constants in MKSA units 00652 00653 The MKSA units are given below each constant 00654 */ 00655 namespace gsl_mksa { 00656 /// m 00657 const double schwarzchild_radius=2.95325008e3; 00658 /// m / s 00659 const double speed_of_light=2.99792458e8; 00660 /// m^3 / kg s^2 00661 const double gravitational_constant=6.673e-11; 00662 /// kg m^2 / s 00663 const double plancks_constant_h=6.62606876e-34; 00664 /// kg m^2 / s 00665 const double plancks_constant_hbar=1.05457159642e-34; 00666 /// m 00667 const double astronomical_unit=1.49597870691e11; 00668 /// m 00669 const double light_year=9.46053620707e15; 00670 /// m 00671 const double parsec=3.08567758135e16; 00672 /// m / s^2 00673 const double grav_accel=9.80665e0; 00674 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00675 const double electron_volt=1.602176462e-19; 00676 /// kg 00677 const double mass_electron=9.10938188e-31; 00678 /// kg 00679 const double mass_muon=1.88353109e-28; 00680 /// kg 00681 const double mass_proton=1.67262158e-27; 00682 /// kg 00683 const double mass_neutron=1.67492716e-27; 00684 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00685 const double rydberg=2.17987190389e-18; 00686 /// kg m^2 / K s^2 00687 const double boltzmann=1.3806503e-23; 00688 /// A m^2 00689 const double bohr_magneton=9.27400899e-24; 00690 /// A m^2 00691 const double nuclear_magneton=5.05078317e-27; 00692 /// A m^2 00693 const double electron_magnetic_moment=9.28476362e-24; 00694 /// A m^2 00695 const double proton_magnetic_moment=1.410606633e-26; 00696 /// kg m^2 / K mol s^2 00697 const double molar_gas=8.314472e0; 00698 /// m^3 / mol 00699 const double standard_gas_volume=2.2710981e-2; 00700 /// s 00701 const double minute=6e1; 00702 /// s 00703 const double hour=3.6e3; 00704 /// s 00705 const double day=8.64e4; 00706 /// s 00707 const double week=6.048e5; 00708 /// m 00709 const double inch=2.54e-2; 00710 /// m 00711 const double foot=3.048e-1; 00712 /// m 00713 const double yard=9.144e-1; 00714 /// m 00715 const double mile=1.609344e3; 00716 /// m 00717 const double nautical_mile=1.852e3; 00718 /// m 00719 const double fathom=1.8288e0; 00720 /// m 00721 const double mil=2.54e-5; 00722 /// m 00723 const double point=3.52777777778e-4; 00724 /// m 00725 const double texpoint=3.51459803515e-4; 00726 /// m 00727 const double micron=1e-6; 00728 /// m 00729 const double angstrom=1e-10; 00730 /// m^2 00731 const double hectare=1e4; 00732 /// m^2 00733 const double acre=4.04685642241e3; 00734 /// m^2 00735 const double barn=1e-28; 00736 /// m^3 00737 const double liter=1e-3; 00738 /// m^3 00739 const double us_gallon=3.78541178402e-3; 00740 /// m^3 00741 const double quart=9.46352946004e-4; 00742 /// m^3 00743 const double pint=4.73176473002e-4; 00744 /// m^3 00745 const double cup=2.36588236501e-4; 00746 /// m^3 00747 const double fluid_ounce=2.95735295626e-5; 00748 /// m^3 00749 const double tablespoon=1.47867647813e-5; 00750 /// m^3 00751 const double teaspoon=4.92892159375e-6; 00752 /// m^3 00753 const double canadian_gallon=4.54609e-3; 00754 /// m^3 00755 const double uk_gallon=4.546092e-3; 00756 /// m / s 00757 const double miles_per_hour=4.4704e-1; 00758 /// m / s 00759 const double kilometers_per_hour=2.77777777778e-1; 00760 /// m / s 00761 const double knot=5.14444444444e-1; 00762 /// kg 00763 const double pound_mass=4.5359237e-1; 00764 /// kg 00765 const double ounce_mass=2.8349523125e-2; 00766 /// kg 00767 const double ton=9.0718474e2; 00768 /// kg 00769 const double metric_ton=1e3; 00770 /// kg 00771 const double uk_ton=1.0160469088e3; 00772 /// kg 00773 const double troy_ounce=3.1103475e-2; 00774 /// kg 00775 const double carat=2e-4; 00776 /// kg 00777 const double unified_atomic_mass=1.66053873e-27; 00778 /// kg m / s^2 00779 const double gram_force=9.80665e-3; 00780 /// kg m / s^2 00781 const double pound_force=4.44822161526e0; 00782 /// kg m / s^2 00783 const double kilopound_force=4.44822161526e3; 00784 /// kg m / s^2 00785 const double poundal=1.38255e-1; 00786 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00787 const double calorie=4.1868e0; 00788 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00789 const double btu=1.05505585262e3; 00790 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00791 const double therm=1.05506e8; 00792 /// kg m^2 / s^3 00793 const double horsepower=7.457e2; 00794 /// kg / m s^2 00795 const double bar=1e5; 00796 /// kg / m s^2 00797 const double std_atmosphere=1.01325e5; 00798 /// kg / m s^2 00799 const double torr=1.33322368421e2; 00800 /// kg / m s^2 00801 const double meter_of_mercury=1.33322368421e5; 00802 /// kg / m s^2 00803 const double inch_of_mercury=3.38638815789e3; 00804 /// kg / m s^2 00805 const double inch_of_water=2.490889e2; 00806 /// kg / m s^2 00807 const double psi=6.89475729317e3; 00808 /// kg m^-1 s^-1 00809 const double poise=1e-1; 00810 /// m^2 / s 00811 const double stokes=1e-4; 00812 /// A s / mol 00813 const double faraday=9.6485341472e4; 00814 /// A s 00815 const double electron_charge=1.602176462e-19; 00816 /// kg / A s^2 00817 const double gauss=1e-4; 00818 /// cd / m^2 00819 const double stilb=1e4; 00820 /// cd sr 00821 const double lumen=1e0; 00822 /// cd sr / m^2 00823 const double lux=1e0; 00824 /// cd sr / m^2 00825 const double phot=1e4; 00826 /// cd sr / m^2 00827 const double footcandle=1.076e1; 00828 /// cd sr / m^2 00829 const double lambert=1e4; 00830 /// cd sr / m^2 00831 const double footlambert=1.07639104e1; 00832 /// 1 / s 00833 const double curie=3.7e10; 00834 /// A s / kg 00835 const double roentgen=2.58e-4; 00836 /// m^2 / s^2 00837 const double rad=1e-2; 00838 /// kg 00839 const double solar_mass=1.98892e30; 00840 /// m 00841 const double bohr_radius=5.291772083e-11; 00842 /// kg m / s^2 00843 const double newton=1e0; 00844 /// kg m / s^2 00845 const double dyne=1e-5; 00846 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00847 const double joule=1e0; 00848 /// kg m^2 / s^2 00849 const double erg=1e-7; 00850 /// kg / K^4 s^3 00851 const double stefan_boltzmann_constant=5.67039934436e-8; 00852 /// m^2 00853 const double thomson_cross_section=6.65245853542e-29; 00854 /// A^2 s^4 / kg m^3 00855 const double vacuum_permittivity=8.854187817e-12; 00856 /// kg m / A^2 s^2 00857 const double vacuum_permeability=1.25663706144e-6; 00858 } 00859 00860 /** 00861 \brief GSL numerical constants 00862 00863 */ 00864 namespace gsl_num { 00865 const double fine_structure=7.297352533e-3; 00866 const double avogadro=6.02214199e23; 00867 const double yotta=1e24; 00868 const double zetta=1e21; 00869 const double exa=1e18; 00870 const double peta=1e15; 00871 const double tera=1e12; 00872 const double giga=1e9; 00873 const double mega=1e6; 00874 const double kilo=1e3; 00875 const double milli=1e-3; 00876 const double micro=1e-6; 00877 const double nano=1e-9; 00878 const double pico=1e-12; 00879 const double femto=1e-15; 00880 const double atto=1e-18; 00881 const double zepto=1e-21; 00882 const double yocto=1e-24; 00883 } 00884 00885 /** 00886 00887 \brief O2scl constants 00888 00889 00890 */ 00891 namespace o2scl_const { 00892 /// \f$ \pi \f$ 00893 const double pi=acos(-1.0); 00894 /// \f$ \pi^2 \f$ 00895 const double pi2=pi*pi; 00896 /// \f$ \zeta(3/2) \f$ 00897 const double zeta32=2.6123753486854883433; 00898 /// \f$ \zeta(2) \f$ 00899 const double zeta2=1.6449340668482264365; 00900 /// \f$ \zeta(5/2) \f$ 00901 const double zeta52=1.3414872572509171798; 00902 /// \f$ \zeta(3) \f$ 00903 const double zeta3=1.2020569031595942854; 00904 /// \f$ \zeta(5) \f$ 00905 const double zeta5=1.0369277551433699263; 00906 /// \f$ \zeta(7) \f$ 00907 00908 const double zeta7=1.0083492773819228268; 00909 00910 /** \name Particle Physics Booklet 00911 00912 (see also D.E. Groom, et. al., Euro. Phys. J. C 15 (2000) 1.) 00913 */ 00914 //@{ 00915 /// \f$ \hbar c \f$ in MeV fm 00916 const double hc_mev_fm=197.3269602; 00917 /// \f$ \sin^2 \theta_W \f$ 00918 const double sin2_theta_weak=0.2224; 00919 /// Fermi coupling constant (\f$ G_F \f$) in \f$ GeV^{-2} \f$ 00920 const double gfermi_gev=1.16639e-5; 00921 /// 1 MeV in kg 00922 const double mev_kg=1.782661731e-30; 00923 /// 1 eV in \f$ kg \cdot m^2 /s^2 \f$ (Joules) 00924 const double ev_mks=1.602176462e-19; 00925 /// 1 MeV in \f$ g \cdot cm^2 / s^2 \f$ (ergs) 00926 const double mev_cgs=1.60217733e-6; 00927 /// \f$ \hbar c \f$ in MeV cm 00928 const double hc_mev_cm=1.973269602e-11; 00929 /// 1 MeV in Kelvin 00930 const double boltzmann_mev_K=8.617342e-11; 00931 //@} 00932 00933 /** \name Squared electron charge 00934 */ 00935 //@{ 00936 /** 00937 \brief Electron charge squared in Gaussian units 00938 00939 In Gaussian Units: 00940 \f{eqnarray*} 00941 &\vec{\nabla} \cdot \vec{E} = 4 \pi \rho \, , 00942 \quad 00943 \vec{E}=-\vec{\nabla} \Phi \, , 00944 \quad 00945 \nabla^2 \Phi = - 4 \pi \rho \, , 00946 &\\& 00947 F=\frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2} \, , 00948 \quad 00949 W=\frac{1}{2} \int \rho V d^3 x 00950 =\frac{1}{8 \pi} \int | \vec{E} |^2 d^3 x \, , 00951 \quad 00952 \alpha=\frac{e^2}{\hbar c}=\frac{1}{137}& 00953 \f} 00954 */ 00955 const double e2_gaussian=o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm*gsl_num::fine_structure; 00956 /** \brief Electron charge sqaured in 00957 Heaviside-Lorentz units where \f$\hbar=c=1\f$. 00958 00959 In Heaviside-Lorentz units: 00960 \f{eqnarray*} 00961 &\vec{\nabla} \cdot \vec{E} = \rho \, , 00962 \quad 00963 \vec{E}=-\vec{\nabla} \Phi \, , 00964 \quad 00965 \nabla^2 \Phi = - \rho \, , 00966 &\\& 00967 F=\frac{q_1 q_2}{4 \pi r^2} \, , 00968 \quad 00969 W=\frac{1}{2} \int \rho V d^3 x 00970 =\frac{1}{2} \int | \vec{E} |^2 d^3 x \, , 00971 \quad 00972 \alpha=\frac{e^2}{4 \pi}=\frac{1}{137}& 00973 \f} 00974 */ 00975 const double e2_hlorentz=gsl_num::fine_structure*4.0*pi; 00976 /** 00977 \brief Electron charge squared in SI(MKSA) units 00978 00979 In MKSA units: 00980 \f{eqnarray*} 00981 &\vec{\nabla} \cdot \vec{E} = \rho \, , 00982 \quad 00983 \vec{E}=-\vec{\nabla} \Phi \, , 00984 \quad 00985 \nabla^2 \Phi = - \rho \, , 00986 &\\& 00987 F=\frac{1}{4 \pi \varepsilon_0}\frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2} \, , 00988 \quad 00989 W=\frac{1}{2} \int \rho V d^3 x 00990 =\frac{\varepsilon_0}{2} \int | \vec{E} |^2 d^3 x \, , 00991 \quad 00992 \alpha=\frac{e^2}{4 \pi \varepsilon_0 \hbar c}=\frac{1}{137}& 00993 \f} 00994 00995 Note the conversion formulas 00996 \f[ 00997 q_HL=\sqrt{4 \pi} q_G = \frac{1}{\sqrt{\varepsilon_0}} q_{SI} 00998 \f] 00999 as mentioned in pg. 13 of D. Griffiths Intro to Elem. Particles. 01000 */ 01001 const double e2_mksa=gsl_mksa::electron_charge; 01002 //@} 01003 01004 } 01005 01006 /** 01007 \brief Constants in units of fm 01008 01009 In nuclear physics is frequently convenient to work in units of 01010 \f$\mathrm{fm}\f$ with \f$\hbar=c=k_B=1\f$. Several useful 01011 constants are given here. 01012 01013 For example, \ref mev gives 1 \f$\mathrm{MeV}\f$ in units of 01014 \f$\mathrm{fm}^{-1}\f$ (the solution to the equation \f$ 1 01015 \mathrm{MeV} = x~\mathrm{fm}^{-1}\f$). If you have a number in 01016 \f$\mathrm{MeV}\f$, you can multiply by \ref mev to get a number 01017 in units of \f$\mathrm{fm}^{-1}\f$. Alternatively, \ref mev is a 01018 number with units \f$\mathrm{MeV}^{-1}\cdot\mathrm{fm}^{-1}\f$. 01019 These can be combined, so that \ref erg divided by \ref sec is 01020 1 \f$\mathrm{erg/sec}\f$ in units of \f$\mathrm{fm}^{-2}\f$. 01021 01022 */ 01023 namespace o2scl_fm { 01024 /** \name Masses from Particle Physics Booklet 01025 01026 (see also D.E. Groom, et. al., Euro. Phys. J. C 15 (2000) 1.) 01027 */ 01028 //@{ 01029 /// Electron mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01030 const double mass_electron=0.510998902/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01031 /// Muon mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01032 const double mass_muon=105.658357/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01033 /// Atomic mass unit in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01034 const double mass_amu=931.494013/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01035 /// Neutron mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01036 const double mass_neutron=939.565/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01037 /// Proton mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01038 const double mass_proton=938.272/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01039 /// \f$\Lambda\f$ mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01040 const double mass_lambda=1115.683/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01041 /// \f$\Sigma^{-}\f$ mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01042 const double mass_sigmam=1197.45/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01043 /// \f$\Sigma^{0}\f$ mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01044 const double mass_sigma=1192.642/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01045 /// \f$\Sigma^{+}\f$ mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01046 const double mass_sigmap=1189.37/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01047 /// \f$\Xi^{-}\f$ mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01048 const double mass_cascadem=1321.3/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01049 /// \f$\Xi^{0}\f$ mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01050 const double mass_cascade=1314.8/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01051 /// \f$\omega\f$ mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01052 const double mass_omega=782.57/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01053 /// \f$\rho\f$ mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01054 const double mass_rho=769.3/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01055 //@} 01056 01057 /** \name www.nist.gov 01058 */ 01059 //@{ 01060 /** 01061 \brief Alpha particle mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$ 01062 01063 This does not include the mass of the additional two electrons 01064 which are present in a helium atom. 01065 */ 01066 const double mass_alpha=3727.37905/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01067 //@} 01068 01069 /// 1 \f$\mathrm{MeV}\f$ in \f$\mathrm{fm}^{-1}\f$ 01070 const double mev=1.0/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 01071 01072 /// 1 \f$\mathrm{kg}\f$ in \f$\mathrm{fm}^{-1}\f$ 01073 const double kg=mev/1.782661731e-30; 01074 01075 /// 1 \f$M_{\odot}/km^{3}\f$ in \f$\mathrm{fm}^{-4}\f$ 01076 const double msun_per_km3=gsl_mks::solar_mass/1.0e54*kg; 01077 01078 /// 1 \f$\mathrm{Kelvin}\f$ in \f$\mathrm{fm}^{-1}\f$ 01079 const double Kelvin=8.617342e-11*mev; 01080 01081 /// 1 \f$\mathrm{Joule}\f$ in \f$\mathrm{fm}^{-1}\f$ 01082 const double joule=kg/gsl_mks::speed_of_light/gsl_mks::speed_of_light; 01083 01084 /// 1 \f$\mathrm{erg}\f$ in \f$\mathrm{fm}^{-1}\f$ 01085 const double erg=kg/1.0e3/gsl_cgs::speed_of_light/gsl_cgs::speed_of_light; 01086 01087 /// 1 \f$\mathrm{second}\f$ in \f$\mathrm{fm}\f$ 01088 const double sec=gsl_mks::speed_of_light*1.0e15; 01089 01090 } 01091 01092 01093 #endif
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