constants.h

00001 /*
00002   -------------------------------------------------------------------
00003   
00004   Copyright (C) 2006, 2007, Andrew W. Steiner
00005   
00006   This file is part of O2scl.
00007   
00008   O2scl is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
00009   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
00010   the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
00011   (at your option) any later version.
00012   
00013   O2scl is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
00014   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
00015   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
00016   GNU General Public License for more details.
00017   
00018   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
00019   along with O2scl. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
00020 
00021   -------------------------------------------------------------------
00022 */
00023 #ifndef O2SCL_CONSTANTS_H
00024 #define O2SCL_CONSTANTS_H
00025 
00026 #include <cmath>
00027 
00028 /** 
00029     \brief GSL constants in CGS units 
00030 
00031     The CGS units are given below each constant
00032 */
00033 namespace gsl_cgs {
00034   /// cm
00035   const double schwarzchild_radius=2.95325008e5;
00036   /// cm / s
00037   const double speed_of_light=2.99792458e10;
00038   /// cm^3 / g s^2
00039   const double gravitational_constant=6.673e-8;
00040   /// g cm^2 / s
00041   const double plancks_constant_h=6.62606876e-27;
00042   /// g cm^2 / s
00043   const double plancks_constant_hbar=1.05457159642e-27;
00044   /// cm
00045   const double astronomical_unit=1.49597870691e13;
00046   /// cm
00047   const double light_year=9.46053620707e17;
00048   /// cm
00049   const double parsec=3.08567758135e18;
00050   /// cm / s^2
00051   const double grav_accel=9.80665e2;
00052   /// g cm^2 / s^2
00053   const double electron_volt=1.602176462e-12;
00054   /// g
00055   const double mass_electron=9.10938188e-28;
00056   /// g
00057   const double mass_muon=1.88353109e-25;
00058   /// g
00059   const double mass_proton=1.67262158e-24;
00060   /// g
00061   const double mass_neutron=1.67492716e-24;
00062   /// g cm^2 / s^2
00063   const double rydberg=2.17987190389e-11;
00064   /// g cm^2 / K s^2
00065   const double boltzmann=1.3806503e-16;
00066   /// A cm^2
00067   const double bohr_magneton=9.27400899e-20;
00068   /// A cm^2
00069   const double nuclear_magneton=5.05078317e-23;
00070   /// A cm^2
00071   const double electron_magnetic_moment=9.28476362e-20;
00072   /// A cm^2
00073   const double proton_magnetic_moment=1.410606633e-22;
00074   /// g cm^2 / K mol s^2
00075   const double molar_gas=8.314472e7;
00076   /// cm^3 / mol
00077   const double standard_gas_volume=2.2710981e4;
00078   /// s
00079   const double minute=6e1;
00080   /// s
00081   const double hour=3.6e3;
00082   /// s
00083   const double day=8.64e4;
00084   /// s
00085   const double week=6.048e5;
00086   /// cm
00087   const double inch=2.54e0;
00088   /// cm
00089   const double foot=3.048e1;
00090   /// cm
00091   const double yard=9.144e1;
00092   /// cm
00093   const double mile=1.609344e5;
00094   /// cm
00095   const double nautical_mile=1.852e5;
00096   /// cm
00097   const double fathom=1.8288e2;
00098   /// cm
00099   const double mil=2.54e-3;
00100   /// cm
00101   const double point=3.52777777778e-2;
00102   /// cm
00103   const double texpoint=3.51459803515e-2;
00104   /// cm
00105   const double micron=1e-4;
00106   /// cm
00107   const double angstrom=1e-8;
00108   /// cm^2
00109   const double hectare=1e8;
00110   /// cm^2
00111   const double acre=4.04685642241e7;
00112   /// cm^2
00113   const double barn=1e-24;
00114   /// cm^3
00115   const double liter=1e3;
00116   /// cm^3
00117   const double us_gallon=3.78541178402e3;
00118   /// cm^3
00119   const double quart=9.46352946004e2;
00120   /// cm^3
00121   const double pint=4.73176473002e2;
00122   /// cm^3
00123   const double cup=2.36588236501e2;
00124   /// cm^3
00125   const double fluid_ounce=2.95735295626e1;
00126   /// cm^3
00127   const double tablespoon=1.47867647813e1;
00128   /// cm^3
00129   const double teaspoon=4.92892159375e0;
00130   /// cm^3
00131   const double canadian_gallon=4.54609e3;
00132   /// cm^3
00133   const double uk_gallon=4.546092e3;
00134   /// cm / s
00135   const double miles_per_hour=4.4704e1;
00136   /// cm / s
00137   const double kilometers_per_hour=2.77777777778e1;
00138   /// cm / s
00139   const double knot=5.14444444444e1;
00140   /// g
00141   const double pound_mass=4.5359237e2;
00142   /// g
00143   const double ounce_mass=2.8349523125e1;
00144   /// g
00145   const double ton=9.0718474e5;
00146   /// g
00147   const double metric_ton=1e6;
00148   /// g
00149   const double uk_ton=1.0160469088e6;
00150   /// g
00151   const double troy_ounce=3.1103475e1;
00152   /// g
00153   const double carat=2e-1;
00154   /// g
00155   const double unified_atomic_mass=1.66053873e-24;
00156   /// cm g / s^2
00157   const double gram_force=9.80665e2;
00158   /// cm g / s^2
00159   const double pound_force=4.44822161526e5;
00160   /// cm g / s^2
00161   const double kilopound_force=4.44822161526e8;
00162   /// cm g / s^2
00163   const double poundal=1.38255e4;
00164   /// g cm^2 / s^2
00165   const double calorie=4.1868e7;
00166   /// g cm^2 / s^2
00167   const double btu=1.05505585262e10;
00168   /// g cm^2 / s^2
00169   const double therm=1.05506e15;
00170   /// g cm^2 / s^3
00171   const double horsepower=7.457e9;
00172   /// g / cm s^2
00173   const double bar=1e6;
00174   /// g / cm s^2
00175   const double std_atmosphere=1.01325e6;
00176   /// g / cm s^2
00177   const double torr=1.33322368421e3;
00178   /// g / cm s^2
00179   const double meter_of_mercury=1.33322368421e6;
00180   /// g / cm s^2
00181   const double inch_of_mercury=3.38638815789e4;
00182   /// g / cm s^2
00183   const double inch_of_water=2.490889e3;
00184   /// g / cm s^2
00185   const double psi=6.89475729317e4;
00186   /// g / cm s
00187   const double poise=1e0;
00188   /// cm^2 / s
00189   const double stokes=1e0;
00190   /// A s / mol
00191   const double faraday=9.6485341472e4;
00192   /// A s
00193   const double electron_charge=1.602176462e-19;
00194   /// g / A s^2
00195   const double gauss=1e-1;
00196   /// cd / cm^2
00197   const double stilb=1e0;
00198   /// cd sr
00199   const double lumen=1e0;
00200   /// cd sr / cm^2
00201   const double lux=1e-4;
00202   /// cd sr / cm^2
00203   const double phot=1e0;
00204   /// cd sr / cm^2
00205   const double footcandle=1.076e-3;
00206   /// cd sr / cm^2
00207   const double lambert=1e0;
00208   /// cd sr / cm^2
00209   const double footlambert=1.07639104e-3;
00210   /// 1 / s
00211   const double curie=3.7e10;
00212   /// A s / g
00213   const double roentgen=2.58e-7;
00214   /// cm^2 / s^2
00215   const double rad=1e2;
00216   /// g
00217   const double solar_mass=1.98892e33;
00218   /// cm
00219   const double bohr_radius=5.291772083e-9;
00220   /// cm g / s^2
00221   const double newton=1e5;
00222   /// cm g / s^2
00223   const double dyne=1e0;
00224   /// g cm^2 / s^2
00225   const double joule=1e7;
00226   /// g cm^2 / s^2
00227   const double erg=1e0;
00228   /// g / K^4 s^3
00229   const double stefan_boltzmann_constant=5.67039934436e-5;
00230   /// cm^2
00231   const double thomson_cross_section=6.65245853542e-25;
00232 }
00233 
00234 /** 
00235     \brief GSL constants in CGSM units
00236 
00237     The CGSM units are given below each constant
00238 */
00239 namespace gsl_cgsm {
00240   /// cm
00241   const double schwarzchild_radius=2.95325008e5;
00242   /// cm / s
00243   const double speed_of_light=2.99792458e10;
00244   /// cm^3 / g s^2
00245   const double gravitational_constant=6.673e-8;
00246   /// g cm^2 / s
00247   const double plancks_constant_h=6.62606876e-27;
00248   /// g cm^2 / s
00249   const double plancks_constant_hbar=1.05457159642e-27;
00250   /// cm
00251   const double astronomical_unit=1.49597870691e13;
00252   /// cm
00253   const double light_year=9.46053620707e17;
00254   /// cm
00255   const double parsec=3.08567758135e18;
00256   /// cm / s^2
00257   const double grav_accel=9.80665e2;
00258   /// g cm^2 / s^2
00259   const double electron_volt=1.602176462e-12;
00260   /// g
00261   const double mass_electron=9.10938188e-28;
00262   /// g
00263   const double mass_muon=1.88353109e-25;
00264   /// g
00265   const double mass_proton=1.67262158e-24;
00266   /// g
00267   const double mass_neutron=1.67492716e-24;
00268   /// g cm^2 / s^2
00269   const double rydberg=2.17987190389e-11;
00270   /// g cm^2 / K s^2
00271   const double boltzmann=1.3806503e-16;
00272   /// abamp cm^2
00273   const double bohr_magneton=9.27400899e-21;
00274   /// abamp cm^2
00275   const double nuclear_magneton=5.05078317e-24;
00276   /// abamp cm^2
00277   const double electron_magnetic_moment=9.28476362e-21;
00278   /// abamp cm^2
00279   const double proton_magnetic_moment=1.410606633e-23;
00280   /// g cm^2 / K mol s^2
00281   const double molar_gas=8.314472e7;
00282   /// cm^3 / mol
00283   const double standard_gas_volume=2.2710981e4;
00284   /// s
00285   const double minute=6e1;
00286   /// s
00287   const double hour=3.6e3;
00288   /// s
00289   const double day=8.64e4;
00290   /// s
00291   const double week=6.048e5;
00292   /// cm
00293   const double inch=2.54e0;
00294   /// cm
00295   const double foot=3.048e1;
00296   /// cm
00297   const double yard=9.144e1;
00298   /// cm
00299   const double mile=1.609344e5;
00300   /// cm
00301   const double nautical_mile=1.852e5;
00302   /// cm
00303   const double fathom=1.8288e2;
00304   /// cm
00305   const double mil=2.54e-3;
00306   /// cm
00307   const double point=3.52777777778e-2;
00308   /// cm
00309   const double texpoint=3.51459803515e-2;
00310   /// cm
00311   const double micron=1e-4;
00312   /// cm
00313   const double angstrom=1e-8;
00314   /// cm^2
00315   const double hectare=1e8;
00316   /// cm^2
00317   const double acre=4.04685642241e7;
00318   /// cm^2
00319   const double barn=1e-24;
00320   /// cm^3
00321   const double liter=1e3;
00322   /// cm^3
00323   const double us_gallon=3.78541178402e3;
00324   /// cm^3
00325   const double quart=9.46352946004e2;
00326   /// cm^3
00327   const double pint=4.73176473002e2;
00328   /// cm^3
00329   const double cup=2.36588236501e2;
00330   /// cm^3
00331   const double fluid_ounce=2.95735295626e1;
00332   /// cm^3
00333   const double tablespoon=1.47867647813e1;
00334   /// cm^3
00335   const double teaspoon=4.92892159375e0;
00336   /// cm^3
00337   const double canadian_gallon=4.54609e3;
00338   /// cm^3
00339   const double uk_gallon=4.546092e3;
00340   /// cm / s
00341   const double miles_per_hour=4.4704e1;
00342   /// cm / s
00343   const double kilometers_per_hour=2.77777777778e1;
00344   /// cm / s
00345   const double knot=5.14444444444e1;
00346   /// g
00347   const double pound_mass=4.5359237e2;
00348   /// g
00349   const double ounce_mass=2.8349523125e1;
00350   /// g
00351   const double ton=9.0718474e5;
00352   /// g
00353   const double metric_ton=1e6;
00354   /// g
00355   const double uk_ton=1.0160469088e6;
00356   /// g
00357   const double troy_ounce=3.1103475e1;
00358   /// g
00359   const double carat=2e-1;
00360   /// g
00361   const double unified_atomic_mass=1.66053873e-24;
00362   /// cm g / s^2
00363   const double gram_force=9.80665e2;
00364   /// cm g / s^2
00365   const double pound_force=4.44822161526e5;
00366   /// cm g / s^2
00367   const double kilopound_force=4.44822161526e8;
00368   /// cm g / s^2
00369   const double poundal=1.38255e4;
00370   /// g cm^2 / s^2
00371   const double calorie=4.1868e7;
00372   /// g cm^2 / s^2
00373   const double btu=1.05505585262e10;
00374   /// g cm^2 / s^2
00375   const double therm=1.05506e15;
00376   /// g cm^2 / s^3
00377   const double horsepower=7.457e9;
00378   /// g / cm s^2
00379   const double bar=1e6;
00380   /// g / cm s^2
00381   const double std_atmosphere=1.01325e6;
00382   /// g / cm s^2
00383   const double torr=1.33322368421e3;
00384   /// g / cm s^2
00385   const double meter_of_mercury=1.33322368421e6;
00386   /// g / cm s^2
00387   const double inch_of_mercury=3.38638815789e4;
00388   /// g / cm s^2
00389   const double inch_of_water=2.490889e3;
00390   /// g / cm s^2
00391   const double psi=6.89475729317e4;
00392   /// g / cm s
00393   const double poise=1e0;
00394   /// cm^2 / s
00395   const double stokes=1e0;
00396   /// abamp s / mol
00397   const double faraday=9.6485341472e3;
00398   /// abamp s
00399   const double electron_charge=1.602176462e-20;
00400   /// g / abamp s^2
00401   const double gauss=1e0;
00402   /// cd / cm^2
00403   const double stilb=1e0;
00404   /// cd sr
00405   const double lumen=1e0;
00406   /// cd sr / cm^2
00407   const double lux=1e-4;
00408   /// cd sr / cm^2
00409   const double phot=1e0;
00410   /// cd sr / cm^2
00411   const double footcandle=1.076e-3;
00412   /// cd sr / cm^2
00413   const double lambert=1e0;
00414   /// cd sr / cm^2
00415   const double footlambert=1.07639104e-3;
00416   /// 1 / s
00417   const double curie=3.7e10;
00418   /// abamp s / g
00419   const double roentgen=2.58e-8;
00420   /// cm^2 / s^2
00421   const double rad=1e2;
00422   /// g
00423   const double solar_mass=1.98892e33;
00424   /// cm
00425   const double bohr_radius=5.291772083e-9;
00426   /// cm g / s^2
00427   const double newton=1e5;
00428   /// cm g / s^2
00429   const double dyne=1e0;
00430   /// g cm^2 / s^2
00431   const double joule=1e7;
00432   /// g cm^2 / s^2
00433   const double erg=1e0;
00434   /// g / K^4 s^3
00435   const double stefan_boltzmann_constant=5.67039934436e-5;
00436   /// cm^2
00437   const double thomson_cross_section=6.65245853542e-25;
00438 }
00439 
00440 /** 
00441     \brief GSL constants in MKS units
00442 
00443     The MKS units are given below each constant
00444 */
00445 namespace gsl_mks {
00446   /// m
00447   const double schwarzchild_radius=2.95325008e3;
00448   /// m / s
00449   const double speed_of_light=2.99792458e8;
00450   /// m^3 / kg s^2
00451   const double gravitational_constant=6.673e-11;
00452   /// kg m^2 / s
00453   const double plancks_constant_h=6.62606876e-34;
00454   /// kg m^2 / s
00455   const double plancks_constant_hbar=1.05457159642e-34;
00456   /// m
00457   const double astronomical_unit=1.49597870691e11;
00458   /// m
00459   const double light_year=9.46053620707e15;
00460   /// m
00461   const double parsec=3.08567758135e16;
00462   /// m / s^2
00463   const double grav_accel=9.80665e0;
00464   /// kg m^2 / s^2
00465   const double electron_volt=1.602176462e-19;
00466   /// kg
00467   const double mass_electron=9.10938188e-31;
00468   /// kg
00469   const double mass_muon=1.88353109e-28;
00470   /// kg
00471   const double mass_proton=1.67262158e-27;
00472   /// kg
00473   const double mass_neutron=1.67492716e-27;
00474   /// kg m^2 / s^2
00475   const double rydberg=2.17987190389e-18;
00476   /// kg m^2 / K s^2
00477   const double boltzmann=1.3806503e-23;
00478   /// A m^2
00479   const double bohr_magneton=9.27400899e-24;
00480   /// A m^2
00481   const double nuclear_magneton=5.05078317e-27;
00482   /// A m^2
00483   const double electron_magnetic_moment=9.28476362e-24;
00484   /// A m^2
00485   const double proton_magnetic_moment=1.410606633e-26;
00486   /// kg m^2 / K mol s^2
00487   const double molar_gas=8.314472e0;
00488   /// m^3 / mol
00489   const double standard_gas_volume=2.2710981e-2;
00490   /// s
00491   const double minute=6e1;
00492   /// s
00493   const double hour=3.6e3;
00494   /// s
00495   const double day=8.64e4;
00496   /// s
00497   const double week=6.048e5;
00498   /// m
00499   const double inch=2.54e-2;
00500   /// m
00501   const double foot=3.048e-1;
00502   /// m
00503   const double yard=9.144e-1;
00504   /// m
00505   const double mile=1.609344e3;
00506   /// m
00507   const double nautical_mile=1.852e3;
00508   /// m
00509   const double fathom=1.8288e0;
00510   /// m
00511   const double mil=2.54e-5;
00512   /// m
00513   const double point=3.52777777778e-4;
00514   /// m
00515   const double texpoint=3.51459803515e-4;
00516   /// m
00517   const double micron=1e-6;
00518   /// m
00519   const double angstrom=1e-10;
00520   /// m^2
00521   const double hectare=1e4;
00522   /// m^2
00523   const double acre=4.04685642241e3;
00524   /// m^2
00525   const double barn=1e-28;
00526   /// m^3
00527   const double liter=1e-3;
00528   /// m^3
00529   const double us_gallon=3.78541178402e-3;
00530   /// m^3
00531   const double quart=9.46352946004e-4;
00532   /// m^3
00533   const double pint=4.73176473002e-4;
00534   /// m^3
00535   const double cup=2.36588236501e-4;
00536   /// m^3
00537   const double fluid_ounce=2.95735295626e-5;
00538   /// m^3
00539   const double tablespoon=1.47867647813e-5;
00540   /// m^3
00541   const double teaspoon=4.92892159375e-6;
00542   /// m^3
00543   const double canadian_gallon=4.54609e-3;
00544   /// m^3
00545   const double uk_gallon=4.546092e-3;
00546   /// m / s
00547   const double miles_per_hour=4.4704e-1;
00548   /// m / s
00549   const double kilometers_per_hour=2.77777777778e-1;
00550   /// m / s
00551   const double knot=5.14444444444e-1;
00552   /// kg
00553   const double pound_mass=4.5359237e-1;
00554   /// kg
00555   const double ounce_mass=2.8349523125e-2;
00556   /// kg
00557   const double ton=9.0718474e2;
00558   /// kg
00559   const double metric_ton=1e3;
00560   /// kg
00561   const double uk_ton=1.0160469088e3;
00562   /// kg
00563   const double troy_ounce=3.1103475e-2;
00564   /// kg
00565   const double carat=2e-4;
00566   /// kg
00567   const double unified_atomic_mass=1.66053873e-27;
00568   /// kg m / s^2
00569   const double gram_force=9.80665e-3;
00570   /// kg m / s^2
00571   const double pound_force=4.44822161526e0;
00572   /// kg m / s^2
00573   const double kilopound_force=4.44822161526e3;
00574   /// kg m / s^2
00575   const double poundal=1.38255e-1;
00576   /// kg m^2 / s^2
00577   const double calorie=4.1868e0;
00578   /// kg m^2 / s^2
00579   const double btu=1.05505585262e3;
00580   /// kg m^2 / s^2
00581   const double therm=1.05506e8;
00582   /// kg m^2 / s^3
00583   const double horsepower=7.457e2;
00584   /// kg / m s^2
00585   const double bar=1e5;
00586   /// kg / m s^2
00587   const double std_atmosphere=1.01325e5;
00588   /// kg / m s^2
00589   const double torr=1.33322368421e2;
00590   /// kg / m s^2
00591   const double meter_of_mercury=1.33322368421e5;
00592   /// kg / m s^2
00593   const double inch_of_mercury=3.38638815789e3;
00594   /// kg / m s^2
00595   const double inch_of_water=2.490889e2;
00596   /// kg / m s^2
00597   const double psi=6.89475729317e3;
00598   /// kg m^-1 s^-1
00599   const double poise=1e-1;
00600   /// m^2 / s
00601   const double stokes=1e-4;
00602   /// A s / mol
00603   const double faraday=9.6485341472e4;
00604   /// A s
00605   const double electron_charge=1.602176462e-19;
00606   /// kg / A s^2
00607   const double gauss=1e-4;
00608   /// cd / m^2
00609   const double stilb=1e4;
00610   /// cd sr
00611   const double lumen=1e0;
00612   /// cd sr / m^2
00613   const double lux=1e0;
00614   /// cd sr / m^2
00615   const double phot=1e4;
00616   /// cd sr / m^2
00617   const double footcandle=1.076e1;
00618   /// cd sr / m^2
00619   const double lambert=1e4;
00620   /// cd sr / m^2
00621   const double footlambert=1.07639104e1;
00622   /// 1 / s
00623   const double curie=3.7e10;
00624   /// A s / kg
00625   const double roentgen=2.58e-4;
00626   /// m^2 / s^2
00627   const double rad=1e-2;
00628   /// kg
00629   const double solar_mass=1.98892e30;
00630   /// m
00631   const double bohr_radius=5.291772083e-11;
00632   /// kg m / s^2
00633   const double newton=1e0;
00634   /// kg m / s^2
00635   const double dyne=1e-5;
00636   /// kg m^2 / s^2
00637   const double joule=1e0;
00638   /// kg m^2 / s^2
00639   const double erg=1e-7;
00640   /// kg / K^4 s^3
00641   const double stefan_boltzmann_constant=5.67039934436e-8;
00642   /// m^2
00643   const double thomson_cross_section=6.65245853542e-29;
00644   /// A^2 s^4 / kg m^3
00645   const double vacuum_permittivity=8.854187817e-12;
00646   /// kg m / A^2 s^2
00647   const double vacuum_permeability=1.25663706144e-6;
00648 }
00649 
00650 /** 
00651     \brief GSL constants in MKSA units
00652 
00653     The MKSA units are given below each constant
00654 */
00655 namespace gsl_mksa {
00656   /// m
00657   const double schwarzchild_radius=2.95325008e3;
00658   /// m / s
00659   const double speed_of_light=2.99792458e8;
00660   /// m^3 / kg s^2
00661   const double gravitational_constant=6.673e-11;
00662   /// kg m^2 / s
00663   const double plancks_constant_h=6.62606876e-34;
00664   /// kg m^2 / s
00665   const double plancks_constant_hbar=1.05457159642e-34;
00666   /// m
00667   const double astronomical_unit=1.49597870691e11;
00668   /// m
00669   const double light_year=9.46053620707e15;
00670   /// m
00671   const double parsec=3.08567758135e16;
00672   /// m / s^2
00673   const double grav_accel=9.80665e0;
00674   /// kg m^2 / s^2
00675   const double electron_volt=1.602176462e-19;
00676   /// kg
00677   const double mass_electron=9.10938188e-31;
00678   /// kg
00679   const double mass_muon=1.88353109e-28;
00680   /// kg
00681   const double mass_proton=1.67262158e-27;
00682   /// kg
00683   const double mass_neutron=1.67492716e-27;
00684   /// kg m^2 / s^2
00685   const double rydberg=2.17987190389e-18;
00686   /// kg m^2 / K s^2
00687   const double boltzmann=1.3806503e-23;
00688   /// A m^2
00689   const double bohr_magneton=9.27400899e-24;
00690   /// A m^2
00691   const double nuclear_magneton=5.05078317e-27;
00692   /// A m^2
00693   const double electron_magnetic_moment=9.28476362e-24;
00694   /// A m^2
00695   const double proton_magnetic_moment=1.410606633e-26;
00696   /// kg m^2 / K mol s^2
00697   const double molar_gas=8.314472e0;
00698   /// m^3 / mol
00699   const double standard_gas_volume=2.2710981e-2;
00700   /// s
00701   const double minute=6e1;
00702   /// s
00703   const double hour=3.6e3;
00704   /// s
00705   const double day=8.64e4;
00706   /// s
00707   const double week=6.048e5;
00708   /// m
00709   const double inch=2.54e-2;
00710   /// m
00711   const double foot=3.048e-1;
00712   /// m
00713   const double yard=9.144e-1;
00714   /// m
00715   const double mile=1.609344e3;
00716   /// m
00717   const double nautical_mile=1.852e3;
00718   /// m
00719   const double fathom=1.8288e0;
00720   /// m
00721   const double mil=2.54e-5;
00722   /// m
00723   const double point=3.52777777778e-4;
00724   /// m
00725   const double texpoint=3.51459803515e-4;
00726   /// m
00727   const double micron=1e-6;
00728   /// m
00729   const double angstrom=1e-10;
00730   /// m^2
00731   const double hectare=1e4;
00732   /// m^2
00733   const double acre=4.04685642241e3;
00734   /// m^2
00735   const double barn=1e-28;
00736   /// m^3
00737   const double liter=1e-3;
00738   /// m^3
00739   const double us_gallon=3.78541178402e-3;
00740   /// m^3
00741   const double quart=9.46352946004e-4;
00742   /// m^3
00743   const double pint=4.73176473002e-4;
00744   /// m^3
00745   const double cup=2.36588236501e-4;
00746   /// m^3
00747   const double fluid_ounce=2.95735295626e-5;
00748   /// m^3
00749   const double tablespoon=1.47867647813e-5;
00750   /// m^3
00751   const double teaspoon=4.92892159375e-6;
00752   /// m^3
00753   const double canadian_gallon=4.54609e-3;
00754   /// m^3
00755   const double uk_gallon=4.546092e-3;
00756   /// m / s
00757   const double miles_per_hour=4.4704e-1;
00758   /// m / s
00759   const double kilometers_per_hour=2.77777777778e-1;
00760   /// m / s
00761   const double knot=5.14444444444e-1;
00762   /// kg
00763   const double pound_mass=4.5359237e-1;
00764   /// kg
00765   const double ounce_mass=2.8349523125e-2;
00766   /// kg
00767   const double ton=9.0718474e2;
00768   /// kg
00769   const double metric_ton=1e3;
00770   /// kg
00771   const double uk_ton=1.0160469088e3;
00772   /// kg
00773   const double troy_ounce=3.1103475e-2;
00774   /// kg
00775   const double carat=2e-4;
00776   /// kg
00777   const double unified_atomic_mass=1.66053873e-27;
00778   /// kg m / s^2
00779   const double gram_force=9.80665e-3;
00780   /// kg m / s^2
00781   const double pound_force=4.44822161526e0;
00782   /// kg m / s^2
00783   const double kilopound_force=4.44822161526e3;
00784   /// kg m / s^2
00785   const double poundal=1.38255e-1;
00786   /// kg m^2 / s^2
00787   const double calorie=4.1868e0;
00788   /// kg m^2 / s^2
00789   const double btu=1.05505585262e3;
00790   /// kg m^2 / s^2
00791   const double therm=1.05506e8;
00792   /// kg m^2 / s^3
00793   const double horsepower=7.457e2;
00794   /// kg / m s^2
00795   const double bar=1e5;
00796   /// kg / m s^2
00797   const double std_atmosphere=1.01325e5;
00798   /// kg / m s^2
00799   const double torr=1.33322368421e2;
00800   /// kg / m s^2
00801   const double meter_of_mercury=1.33322368421e5;
00802   /// kg / m s^2
00803   const double inch_of_mercury=3.38638815789e3;
00804   /// kg / m s^2
00805   const double inch_of_water=2.490889e2;
00806   /// kg / m s^2
00807   const double psi=6.89475729317e3;
00808   /// kg m^-1 s^-1
00809   const double poise=1e-1;
00810   /// m^2 / s
00811   const double stokes=1e-4;
00812   /// A s / mol
00813   const double faraday=9.6485341472e4;
00814   /// A s
00815   const double electron_charge=1.602176462e-19;
00816   /// kg / A s^2
00817   const double gauss=1e-4;
00818   /// cd / m^2
00819   const double stilb=1e4;
00820   /// cd sr
00821   const double lumen=1e0;
00822   /// cd sr / m^2
00823   const double lux=1e0;
00824   /// cd sr / m^2
00825   const double phot=1e4;
00826   /// cd sr / m^2
00827   const double footcandle=1.076e1;
00828   /// cd sr / m^2
00829   const double lambert=1e4;
00830   /// cd sr / m^2
00831   const double footlambert=1.07639104e1;
00832   /// 1 / s
00833   const double curie=3.7e10;
00834   /// A s / kg
00835   const double roentgen=2.58e-4;
00836   /// m^2 / s^2
00837   const double rad=1e-2;
00838   /// kg
00839   const double solar_mass=1.98892e30;
00840   /// m
00841   const double bohr_radius=5.291772083e-11;
00842   /// kg m / s^2
00843   const double newton=1e0;
00844   /// kg m / s^2
00845   const double dyne=1e-5;
00846   /// kg m^2 / s^2
00847   const double joule=1e0;
00848   /// kg m^2 / s^2
00849   const double erg=1e-7;
00850   /// kg / K^4 s^3
00851   const double stefan_boltzmann_constant=5.67039934436e-8;
00852   /// m^2
00853   const double thomson_cross_section=6.65245853542e-29;
00854   /// A^2 s^4 / kg m^3
00855   const double vacuum_permittivity=8.854187817e-12;
00856   /// kg m / A^2 s^2
00857   const double vacuum_permeability=1.25663706144e-6;
00858 }
00859 
00860 /** 
00861     \brief GSL numerical constants
00862 
00863  */
00864 namespace gsl_num {
00865   const double fine_structure=7.297352533e-3;
00866   const double avogadro=6.02214199e23;
00867   const double yotta=1e24;
00868   const double zetta=1e21;
00869   const double exa=1e18;
00870   const double peta=1e15;
00871   const double tera=1e12;
00872   const double giga=1e9;
00873   const double mega=1e6;
00874   const double kilo=1e3;
00875   const double milli=1e-3;
00876   const double micro=1e-6;
00877   const double nano=1e-9;
00878   const double pico=1e-12;
00879   const double femto=1e-15;
00880   const double atto=1e-18;
00881   const double zepto=1e-21;
00882   const double yocto=1e-24;
00883 }
00884 
00885 /** 
00886     
00887 \brief O2scl constants
00888 
00889 
00890  */
00891 namespace o2scl_const {
00892   /// \f$ \pi \f$ 
00893   const double pi=acos(-1.0);
00894   /// \f$ \pi^2 \f$ 
00895   const double pi2=pi*pi;
00896   /// \f$ \zeta(3/2) \f$
00897   const double zeta32=2.6123753486854883433;
00898   /// \f$ \zeta(2) \f$
00899   const double zeta2=1.6449340668482264365;
00900   /// \f$ \zeta(5/2) \f$
00901   const double zeta52=1.3414872572509171798;
00902   /// \f$ \zeta(3) \f$
00903   const double zeta3=1.2020569031595942854;
00904   /// \f$ \zeta(5) \f$
00905   const double zeta5=1.0369277551433699263;
00906   /// \f$ \zeta(7) \f$
00907 
00908   const double zeta7=1.0083492773819228268;
00909 
00910   /** \name Particle Physics Booklet 
00911 
00912       (see also D.E. Groom, et. al., Euro. Phys. J. C 15 (2000) 1.)
00913   */
00914   //@{
00915   /// \f$ \hbar c \f$ in MeV fm
00916   const double hc_mev_fm=197.3269602; 
00917   /// \f$ \sin^2 \theta_W \f$
00918   const double sin2_theta_weak=0.2224;
00919   /// Fermi coupling constant (\f$ G_F \f$) in \f$ GeV^{-2} \f$
00920   const double gfermi_gev=1.16639e-5; 
00921   /// 1 MeV in kg
00922   const double mev_kg=1.782661731e-30; 
00923   /// 1 eV in \f$ kg \cdot m^2 /s^2 \f$ (Joules)
00924   const double ev_mks=1.602176462e-19; 
00925   /// 1 MeV in \f$ g \cdot cm^2 / s^2 \f$ (ergs)
00926   const double mev_cgs=1.60217733e-6; 
00927   /// \f$ \hbar c \f$ in MeV cm
00928   const double hc_mev_cm=1.973269602e-11; 
00929   /// 1 MeV in Kelvin
00930   const double boltzmann_mev_K=8.617342e-11; 
00931   //@}
00932 
00933   /** \name Squared electron charge
00934    */
00935   //@{
00936   /** 
00937       \brief Electron charge squared in Gaussian units
00938 
00939       In Gaussian Units:
00940       \f{eqnarray*}
00941       &\vec{\nabla} \cdot \vec{E} = 4 \pi \rho \, ,
00942       \quad
00943       \vec{E}=-\vec{\nabla} \Phi \, ,
00944       \quad
00945       \nabla^2 \Phi = - 4 \pi \rho \, ,
00946       &\\&
00947       F=\frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2} \, ,
00948       \quad
00949       W=\frac{1}{2} \int \rho V d^3 x
00950       =\frac{1}{8 \pi} \int | \vec{E} |^2 d^3 x \, ,
00951       \quad 
00952       \alpha=\frac{e^2}{\hbar c}=\frac{1}{137}&
00953       \f}
00954   */
00955   const double e2_gaussian=o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm*gsl_num::fine_structure;
00956   /** \brief Electron charge sqaured in 
00957       Heaviside-Lorentz units where \f$\hbar=c=1\f$.
00958 
00959       In Heaviside-Lorentz units:
00960       \f{eqnarray*}
00961       &\vec{\nabla} \cdot \vec{E} = \rho \, ,
00962       \quad
00963       \vec{E}=-\vec{\nabla} \Phi \, ,
00964       \quad
00965       \nabla^2 \Phi = - \rho \, ,
00966       &\\&
00967       F=\frac{q_1 q_2}{4 \pi r^2} \, ,
00968       \quad
00969       W=\frac{1}{2} \int \rho V d^3 x
00970       =\frac{1}{2} \int | \vec{E} |^2 d^3 x \, ,
00971       \quad
00972       \alpha=\frac{e^2}{4 \pi}=\frac{1}{137}&
00973       \f}
00974   */      
00975   const double e2_hlorentz=gsl_num::fine_structure*4.0*pi;
00976   /** 
00977       \brief Electron charge squared in SI(MKSA) units
00978 
00979       In MKSA units:
00980       \f{eqnarray*}
00981       &\vec{\nabla} \cdot \vec{E} = \rho \, ,
00982       \quad
00983       \vec{E}=-\vec{\nabla} \Phi \, ,
00984       \quad
00985       \nabla^2 \Phi = - \rho \, ,
00986       &\\&
00987       F=\frac{1}{4 \pi \varepsilon_0}\frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2} \, ,
00988       \quad
00989       W=\frac{1}{2} \int \rho V d^3 x
00990       =\frac{\varepsilon_0}{2} \int | \vec{E} |^2 d^3 x \, ,
00991       \quad
00992       \alpha=\frac{e^2}{4 \pi \varepsilon_0 \hbar c}=\frac{1}{137}&
00993       \f}
00994 
00995       Note the conversion formulas
00996       \f[
00997       q_HL=\sqrt{4 \pi} q_G = \frac{1}{\sqrt{\varepsilon_0}} q_{SI}
00998       \f]
00999       as mentioned in pg. 13 of D. Griffiths Intro to Elem. Particles.
01000   */      
01001   const double e2_mksa=gsl_mksa::electron_charge;
01002   //@}
01003 
01004 }
01005 
01006 /** 
01007     \brief Constants in units of fm
01008     
01009     In nuclear physics is frequently convenient to work in units of
01010     \f$\mathrm{fm}\f$ with \f$\hbar=c=k_B=1\f$. Several useful
01011     constants are given here.
01012 
01013     For example, \ref mev gives 1 \f$\mathrm{MeV}\f$ in units of
01014     \f$\mathrm{fm}^{-1}\f$ (the solution to the equation \f$ 1
01015     \mathrm{MeV} = x~\mathrm{fm}^{-1}\f$). If you have a number in
01016     \f$\mathrm{MeV}\f$, you can multiply by \ref mev to get a number
01017     in units of \f$\mathrm{fm}^{-1}\f$. Alternatively, \ref mev is a
01018     number with units \f$\mathrm{MeV}^{-1}\cdot\mathrm{fm}^{-1}\f$.
01019     These can be combined, so that \ref erg divided by \ref sec is
01020     1 \f$\mathrm{erg/sec}\f$ in units of \f$\mathrm{fm}^{-2}\f$.
01021     
01022 */
01023 namespace o2scl_fm {
01024   /** \name Masses from Particle Physics Booklet 
01025 
01026   (see also D.E. Groom, et. al., Euro. Phys. J. C 15 (2000) 1.)
01027   */
01028   //@{
01029   /// Electron mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$
01030   const double mass_electron=0.510998902/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 
01031   /// Muon mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$
01032   const double mass_muon=105.658357/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm;
01033   /// Atomic mass unit in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$
01034   const double mass_amu=931.494013/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 
01035   /// Neutron mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$
01036   const double mass_neutron=939.565/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm;
01037   /// Proton mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$
01038   const double mass_proton=938.272/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm; 
01039   /// \f$\Lambda\f$ mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$
01040   const double mass_lambda=1115.683/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm;
01041   /// \f$\Sigma^{-}\f$ mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$
01042   const double mass_sigmam=1197.45/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm;
01043   /// \f$\Sigma^{0}\f$ mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$
01044   const double mass_sigma=1192.642/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm;
01045   /// \f$\Sigma^{+}\f$ mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$
01046   const double mass_sigmap=1189.37/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm;
01047   /// \f$\Xi^{-}\f$ mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$
01048   const double mass_cascadem=1321.3/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm;
01049   /// \f$\Xi^{0}\f$ mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$
01050   const double mass_cascade=1314.8/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm;
01051   /// \f$\omega\f$ mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$
01052   const double mass_omega=782.57/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm;
01053   /// \f$\rho\f$ mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$
01054   const double mass_rho=769.3/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm;
01055   //@}
01056 
01057   /** \name www.nist.gov
01058    */
01059   //@{
01060   /** 
01061       \brief Alpha particle mass in \f$ \mathrm{fm}^{-1} \f$
01062 
01063       This does not include the mass of the additional two electrons
01064       which are present in a helium atom.
01065   */
01066   const double mass_alpha=3727.37905/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm;
01067   //@}
01068   
01069   /// 1 \f$\mathrm{MeV}\f$ in \f$\mathrm{fm}^{-1}\f$
01070   const double mev=1.0/o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm;
01071 
01072   /// 1 \f$\mathrm{kg}\f$ in \f$\mathrm{fm}^{-1}\f$
01073   const double kg=mev/1.782661731e-30;
01074   
01075   /// 1 \f$M_{\odot}/km^{3}\f$ in \f$\mathrm{fm}^{-4}\f$
01076   const double msun_per_km3=gsl_mks::solar_mass/1.0e54*kg; 
01077 
01078   /// 1 \f$\mathrm{Kelvin}\f$ in \f$\mathrm{fm}^{-1}\f$
01079   const double Kelvin=8.617342e-11*mev;
01080 
01081   /// 1 \f$\mathrm{Joule}\f$ in \f$\mathrm{fm}^{-1}\f$
01082   const double joule=kg/gsl_mks::speed_of_light/gsl_mks::speed_of_light;
01083   
01084   /// 1 \f$\mathrm{erg}\f$ in \f$\mathrm{fm}^{-1}\f$
01085   const double erg=kg/1.0e3/gsl_cgs::speed_of_light/gsl_cgs::speed_of_light;
01086   
01087   /// 1 \f$\mathrm{second}\f$ in \f$\mathrm{fm}\f$
01088   const double sec=gsl_mks::speed_of_light*1.0e15;
01089 
01090 }
01091 
01092 
01093 #endif

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